Viruses & Bacteria Flashcards
Virulent Viruses
Causes host cells to Lyse
What are viruses
Fragments of genomes that have escaped
Template viruses
Become incorporated into the host cell; no lyses
Prions
Infectious proteins on viruses that cause disease
Bacteriophages
Viruses that use bacteria as host cells
How to viruses enter into host cells
1: tail fibers attach viruses to bacterial cell wall
2: base plate makes contact with cell wall
3: Tail contacts
4: Tail tube extends through base plate and bacterial cell wall
5: Nucleic acids injected into host bacterial cell
What is the lytic cycle
The reproduction of more virus particles- host cell eventually lyses
What are bacteria used for
The making of dairy products while others are used for decomposition
Bacteria are…
Single celled Size of 1 micrometer DNA circular; found free in the cytoplasm no sexual reproduction Mitosis absent Enzyme attached to cell membrane Flagella
What does the lipid cell wall do in gram [-] bacteria
The lipopolysaccharide will make gram - bacteria resistant to many antibiotics
What are the three shapes if bacteria
Rod shaped: bacillis
Round shaped: coccus
Spiral shaped: spirillium
Binomial nomenclature
The process of classification in which organisms are assigned a genus and species name for identification
Phenetics
Taxonomy based on degree of morphological and physiological differences between organisms
Cladistics
Taxonomy based on evolutionary history of organisms
Spore
Asexually reproduced “seed” of a bacteria
Pilus
“Hair-like” growth from bacterial membrane that allows bacteria to attach to surfaces.
Conjugation
Method of reproduction in which bacteria exchange plasmids or bits of DNA across the “pilus bridge”
Pathogen
Disease causing microorganisms.
What are the 6 kingdoms
Plantae, fungi, animilia, Protista, monera.
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms while eukaryotic cells are made up of thousands of cells
What are the three types of lifecycles and eukaryotes
Lidue, Lysogenic, and viral
What is it mean to be “gram-positive or gram-negative”
A difference in the composition of the cell walls.
What are endospores and how do they differ from spores
A cell with any cell of bacteria that are exposed to harsh conditions.
List nine diseases caused by bacteria
Anthrax, lime disease, plague, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, peptic ulcers, typhus, and pneumonia
How do we use bacteria to our benefit
Using bacteria that breaks down oil to speed up the process of stopping oil spills
What are dental caries
Dense collections of bacteria on the surface of teeth lead to secretion of acids
What is gonorrhea
Hey sexually-transmitted disease
What is syphilis
It is a spirochetes that is a pathogen and parasite.
What are genital herpes
Blisters on the genitals transmitted by exchange bodily fluids
Chlamydia
Std
What are two ways that viruses can cause disease
The Lydic and lysogenic cycles
What is the lytic cycle of a bacteriaphage
The virus contaminates the host cell begins to multiply. The cell bursts sending the virus to continue the cycle with other cells.
List nine diseases caused by viruses
AIDS, chickenpox, Ebola, herpes, measles, mumps, influenza, mononucleosis, and polio.
What is the action of the HIV virus
Enters the cell undetected and changes the DNA. The change in the DNA cause the breakdown of the immune system
What is the relationship between Latent viruses and cancer
Cancer cannot be cured completely
What is nitrogen fixation
Creates nitrous spheric compounds that can be used by plants
Compare bacteria to eukaryotes
Bacteria are usually single celled organism
