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H. Biology, Gr. 10 Q1 > Viruses & Bacteria > Flashcards

Viruses & Bacteria Flashcards

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0
Q

Virulent Viruses

A

Causes host cells to Lyse

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1
Q

What are viruses

A

Fragments of genomes that have escaped

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2
Q

Template viruses

A

Become incorporated into the host cell; no lyses

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3
Q

Prions

A

Infectious proteins on viruses that cause disease

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4
Q

Bacteriophages

A

Viruses that use bacteria as host cells

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5
Q

How to viruses enter into host cells

A

1: tail fibers attach viruses to bacterial cell wall
2: base plate makes contact with cell wall
3: Tail contacts
4: Tail tube extends through base plate and bacterial cell wall
5: Nucleic acids injected into host bacterial cell

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6
Q

What is the lytic cycle

A

The reproduction of more virus particles- host cell eventually lyses

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7
Q

What are bacteria used for

A

The making of dairy products while others are used for decomposition

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8
Q

Bacteria are…

A 
Single celled
Size of 1 micrometer
DNA circular; found free in the cytoplasm
no sexual reproduction
Mitosis absent
Enzyme attached to cell membrane
Flagella
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9
Q

What does the lipid cell wall do in gram [-] bacteria

A

The lipopolysaccharide will make gram - bacteria resistant to many antibiotics

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10
Q

What are the three shapes if bacteria

A

Rod shaped: bacillis
Round shaped: coccus
Spiral shaped: spirillium

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11
Q

Binomial nomenclature

A

The process of classification in which organisms are assigned a genus and species name for identification

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12
Q

Phenetics

A

Taxonomy based on degree of morphological and physiological differences between organisms

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13
Q

Cladistics

A

Taxonomy based on evolutionary history of organisms

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14
Q

Spore

A

Asexually reproduced “seed” of a bacteria

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15
Q

Pilus

A

“Hair-like” growth from bacterial membrane that allows bacteria to attach to surfaces.

16
Q

Conjugation

A

Method of reproduction in which bacteria exchange plasmids or bits of DNA across the “pilus bridge”

17
Q

Pathogen

A

Disease causing microorganisms.

18
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms

A

Plantae, fungi, animilia, Protista, monera.

19
Q

What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells are single celled organisms while eukaryotic cells are made up of thousands of cells

20
Q

What are the three types of lifecycles and eukaryotes

A

Lidue, Lysogenic, and viral

21
Q

What is it mean to be “gram-positive or gram-negative”

A

A difference in the composition of the cell walls.

22
Q

What are endospores and how do they differ from spores

A

A cell with any cell of bacteria that are exposed to harsh conditions.

23
Q

List nine diseases caused by bacteria

A

Anthrax, lime disease, plague, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, peptic ulcers, typhus, and pneumonia

24
Q

How do we use bacteria to our benefit

A

Using bacteria that breaks down oil to speed up the process of stopping oil spills

25
Q

What are dental caries

A

Dense collections of bacteria on the surface of teeth lead to secretion of acids

26
Q

What is gonorrhea

A

Hey sexually-transmitted disease

27
Q

What is syphilis

A

It is a spirochetes that is a pathogen and parasite.

28
Q

What are genital herpes

A

Blisters on the genitals transmitted by exchange bodily fluids

29
Q

Chlamydia

A

Std

30
Q

What are two ways that viruses can cause disease

A

The Lydic and lysogenic cycles

31
Q

What is the lytic cycle of a bacteriaphage

A

The virus contaminates the host cell begins to multiply. The cell bursts sending the virus to continue the cycle with other cells.

32
Q

List nine diseases caused by viruses

A

AIDS, chickenpox, Ebola, herpes, measles, mumps, influenza, mononucleosis, and polio.

33
Q

What is the action of the HIV virus

A

Enters the cell undetected and changes the DNA. The change in the DNA cause the breakdown of the immune system

34
Q

What is the relationship between Latent viruses and cancer

A

Cancer cannot be cured completely

35
Q

What is nitrogen fixation

A

Creates nitrous spheric compounds that can be used by plants

36
Q

Compare bacteria to eukaryotes

A

Bacteria are usually single celled organism

H. Biology, Gr. 10 Q1 (10 decks)

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