Macromolocules Flashcards
Organic molecule
Composed of carbon, produced by living organisms
Macromolecule
A large molecule synthesized by living organisms
Monomer
Basic molecules linked together with other monomers to make macromolecules
Polymer
Macromolecules composed of repeating units of monomers
Anabolic reaction
Build up of polymers by bonding monomer
Catabolic reaction
Breakdown of polymers into monomers
Isomer
Molecules with the same molecular formula but different molecular structure
Why is carbon the “key” Atom for life
Carbon has the unparalleled ability to form molecules that are large, complex, and diverse. Carbon composes proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, and other Molecules
What is the composition and uses of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates make energy for the consumer to use. Carbohydrates are built of monosaccharide
What do starch and glycogen have to do with dehydration synthesis
Starts represent stored energy. The sugar is RNA later drawnout by hydrolysis. Starch works with plants while glycogen works with animals.
What is the composition and use of lipids
Lipids are macro molecules that make up things such as waxes and some pigments. But their most important use is in fats phospholipids and steroids
What is a triglyceride
A triglyceride is simply a family of facts.
What does unsaturated, saturated and polyunsaturated mean
Unsaturated: one or more bonds between carbon
Saturated: no double bonds between carbon: Many double or triple bonds between carbon Atoms
Why are fats sufficient energy storage molecules:
Plants are relatively immobile and can function with bulky energy storage in the form of starch. While and while animal fat cells grow and shrink depending on the amount of fat needed.
Discuss phospholipids
Similar to fat only two fatty acids for each glycerol
Discuss the role played by globular proteins
Globular proteins act as a messenger, transporting of molecules through membering
Discuss the role played by fibrous proteins
These form connective tissue for tendons, bones Matrices and muscular fibers
Discuss the role played by peptides
Peptides amino acids monomers meant for bonding to create other molecules such as dipeptides.
What is the primary structure of proteins
Unique sequence of amino acids
What is the secondary protein structure
Segments of their polypeptide chains repeatedly coiled and folded over
What is the tertiary protein structure
Overall shape of a polypeptide
Is the quaternary protein structure
Results from the aggregation of these polypeptide subunits
Discuss denaturation of proteins
High temperature and chemical treatment denaturates proteins rendering them unable to do anything
