Food and Nutrition Study Guide

Question 1

What is the Source and Function of the Nutrient Water?

Answer 1

Source- found in the liquids you drink and the foods you eat and is a product of cellular respiration.

Function- Water is the solvent in which food, enzymes, and waste materials are dissolved, and it is used to help regulate your body temperature.

Question 2

What is the Source and Function of the Nutrient Fats?

Answer 2

Source- obtained in many cooking oils we use to prepare foods.

Function- Fats provide: protection for vital organs, an energy source, assist in temperature regulation, and keep the skin from dying out.

Question 3

What is the source and Function of Proteins?

Answer 3

Source- 12 can be manufactured by the body. The other 8, called amino acids, must be obtained from the diet in fish, meat, beans, dairy products.

Functions- provide the body with amino acids, for the growth and repair of body tissues and serve as another source of energy.

Question 4

What are the four basic food groups?

Answer 4

1. Meat, fish and beans;
2. Milk and milk products;
3. fruits and vegetables;
4. bread, rice and cereals.

Question 5

What are the six essential nutrients your body needs?

Answer 5

1. Water,
2. Minerals,
3. carbohydrates,
4. fats,
5. proteins, and
6. vitamins

Question 6

What are the two groups of vitamins the body needs?

Answer 6

1. Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) which can be stored for future use, and
2. Water-soluble vitamins, which can be part of your diet and cannot be stored by the body.

Question 7

What are the Source and Function of Carbohydrates?

Answer 7

Source- simple sugars (provide quick energy) or complex starches (provide energy only after they have been broken down by digestive system).

Function- supplies the body with sources of energy and provides roughage which stimulates the muscles of the digestive system and enables the digestive system to work more efficiently.

Question 8

What are the Source and Function of Minerals?

Answer 8

Source- found in all types of foods.

Function- keep the body functioning properly.

Question 9

What nutrients are provided by Fish?

Answer 9

Proteins

Question 10

What nutrients are provided by Carrots?

Answer 10

Vitamins, Carbohydrates and Proteins

Question 11

What nutrients are provided by Oranges?

Answer 11

Vitamins and Carbohydrates

Question 12

What nutrients are provided by Candy?

Answer 12

Carbohydrates

Question 13

What nutrients are provided by Chicken?

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

What nutrients are provided by Bread?

Answer 14

Carbohydrates

Question 15

What nutrients are provided by beans?

Answer 15

Proteins, Carbohydrates and Vitamins

Question 16

What nutrients are provided by Butter?

Answer 16

Fats

Question 17

What nutrients are provided by Cooking Oils?

Answer 17

Fats

Question 18

What nutrients are provided by Broccoli?

Answer 18

Vitamins, Proteins and Carbohydrates

Question 19

Where does the chemical digestion of Proteins (meat) begin?

Answer 19

Stomach

Question 20

Where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates and starches (fruit, vegetables, breads, cereals) begin?

Answer 20

Mouth

Question 21

Where does the chemical digestion of Fats (Lipids- cooking oils) begin?

Answer 21

Small Intestine

Question 22

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Mouth?

Answer 22

Mouth secretions = Water, mucus, salivary amylase and bicarbonate

Main Function =

• mechanically break down food,
• moisten food,
• start breakdown of starches & glycogen,
• Neutralize acidic food in mouth

Question 23

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Stomach?

Answer 23

Stomach secretions = hydrochloric acid, mucus, gastrin, pepsinogen

Stomach Function =

• stores, mixes, dissolves food,
• Kills microorganisms,
• Lubricates & protects stomach lining,
• Pepsin breaks down peptide bonds

Question 24

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Small Intestine?

Answer 24

Small Intestine secretions = Assorted enzymes, mucus, gastrin, secretin, etc.

Main Function =

• digestion & absorption of most nutrients,
• Breakdown of all major food molecules,
• Stimulates HCL secretion,
• Stimulates bicarbonate secretion,
• Inhibits stomach acid secretion.

Question 25

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Pancreas?

Answer 25

Pancreas secretions = Assorted enzymes and bicarbonate

Main Function =

• Breakdown all major food molecules,
• Buffering action neutralizes HCL entering small intestine from stomach,

Question 26

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Liver?

Answer 26

Liver secretions = Bile salts

Main Function =

• Hydration of emulsified fat droplets,
• Buffering action neutralizes HCL entering small intestine from stomach.

Question 27

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Gall Bladder?

Answer 27

Gall Bladder secretions = None

Main Function =
- Stores and concentrates bile from liver.

Question 28

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Large Intestine?

Answer 28

Large Intestine secretions = Mucus

Main Function =

• Stores, concentrates undigested matter by absorbing water and salts,
• Lubricates undigested residues.

Question 29

What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Rectum?

Answer 29

Rectum secretions = None

Main Function =
- Trigger mechanism rids body of undigested residues (feces).