Food and Nutrition Study Guide Flashcards
What is the Source and Function of the Nutrient Water?
Source- found in the liquids you drink and the foods you eat and is a product of cellular respiration.
Function- Water is the solvent in which food, enzymes, and waste materials are dissolved, and it is used to help regulate your body temperature.
What is the Source and Function of the Nutrient Fats?
Source- obtained in many cooking oils we use to prepare foods.
Function- Fats provide: protection for vital organs, an energy source, assist in temperature regulation, and keep the skin from dying out.
What is the source and Function of Proteins?
Source- 12 can be manufactured by the body. The other 8, called amino acids, must be obtained from the diet in fish, meat, beans, dairy products.
Functions- provide the body with amino acids, for the growth and repair of body tissues and serve as another source of energy.
What are the four basic food groups?
- Meat, fish and beans;
- Milk and milk products;
- fruits and vegetables;
- bread, rice and cereals.
What are the six essential nutrients your body needs?
- Water,
- Minerals,
- carbohydrates,
- fats,
- proteins, and
- vitamins
What are the two groups of vitamins the body needs?
- Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K) which can be stored for future use, and
- Water-soluble vitamins, which can be part of your diet and cannot be stored by the body.
What are the Source and Function of Carbohydrates?
Source- simple sugars (provide quick energy) or complex starches (provide energy only after they have been broken down by digestive system).
Function- supplies the body with sources of energy and provides roughage which stimulates the muscles of the digestive system and enables the digestive system to work more efficiently.
What are the Source and Function of Minerals?
Source- found in all types of foods.
Function- keep the body functioning properly.
What nutrients are provided by Fish?
Proteins
What nutrients are provided by Carrots?
Vitamins, Carbohydrates and Proteins
What nutrients are provided by Oranges?
Vitamins and Carbohydrates
What nutrients are provided by Candy?
Carbohydrates
What nutrients are provided by Chicken?
Proteins
What nutrients are provided by Bread?
Carbohydrates
What nutrients are provided by beans?
Proteins, Carbohydrates and Vitamins
What nutrients are provided by Butter?
Fats
What nutrients are provided by Cooking Oils?
Fats
What nutrients are provided by Broccoli?
Vitamins, Proteins and Carbohydrates
Where does the chemical digestion of Proteins (meat) begin?
Stomach
Where does the chemical digestion of carbohydrates and starches (fruit, vegetables, breads, cereals) begin?
Mouth
Where does the chemical digestion of Fats (Lipids- cooking oils) begin?
Small Intestine
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Mouth?
Mouth secretions = Water, mucus, salivary amylase and bicarbonate
Main Function =
- mechanically break down food,
- moisten food,
- start breakdown of starches & glycogen,
- Neutralize acidic food in mouth
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Stomach?
Stomach secretions = hydrochloric acid, mucus, gastrin, pepsinogen
Stomach Function =
- stores, mixes, dissolves food,
- Kills microorganisms,
- Lubricates & protects stomach lining,
- Pepsin breaks down peptide bonds
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Small Intestine?
Small Intestine secretions = Assorted enzymes, mucus, gastrin, secretin, etc.
Main Function =
- digestion & absorption of most nutrients,
- Breakdown of all major food molecules,
- Stimulates HCL secretion,
- Stimulates bicarbonate secretion,
- Inhibits stomach acid secretion.
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Pancreas?
Pancreas secretions = Assorted enzymes and bicarbonate
Main Function =
- Breakdown all major food molecules,
- Buffering action neutralizes HCL entering small intestine from stomach,
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Liver?
Liver secretions = Bile salts
Main Function =
- Hydration of emulsified fat droplets,
- Buffering action neutralizes HCL entering small intestine from stomach.
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Gall Bladder?
Gall Bladder secretions = None
Main Function =
- Stores and concentrates bile from liver.
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Large Intestine?
Large Intestine secretions = Mucus
Main Function =
- Stores, concentrates undigested matter by absorbing water and salts,
- Lubricates undigested residues.
What are the Digestive System Secretions and Main function of the: Rectum?
Rectum secretions = None
Main Function =
- Trigger mechanism rids body of undigested residues (feces).
