Membrane Flashcards
Diffusion
The spreading out of molecules from Areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration
Phospholipids
Triglyceride molecule missing one fatty acid molecule. It is replaced by a phosphate and alcohol molecule that makes that part of the molecule highly polar well the other end of the molecules nonpolar. Phospholipids make up the majority of the plasma membrane structure.
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a memberane
Solvent
That part of the solution doing the dissolving
Solute
That part of a solution being dissolved
Hypertonic solution
When the concentration of solute in the solution is greater than in the cell (The slower water concentration).
Hypotonic solution
When the concentration of solute in the solution is less than that of the cell (thus greater water concentration).
Isotonic Solution
When the concentration of solute in the solution is the same as that of the cell (thus water concentration is the same).
Osmotic pressure
The force necessary to stop osmotic movement of water into a cell
Endocytosis
When the cell membrane engulfs and takes in something from the environment
Phagocytosis
“So eating.” The selling engulfs “solids.”
Pinocytosis
“Sell drinking.” The cell engulfs “liquids.”
Exocytosis
Elimination from the cell as vesicles discharge materials across membrane to environment
Active transport
The transport of molecules across a membrane requires energy
How do phospholipids create the plasma membrane
The phospholipids bond together vertically. They use the different polarity of each end to create the plasma membrane
What are trans- membrane carriers
Transmembrane carriers transport things across the plasma membrane. They also aid in material transfer between cells
What does the polar nature of water and hydrogen bonding effect osmotic movement
The phospholipids that create the membrane both attract and repel water bringing it into the middle to be transferred throughout the cell
How do unicellular animals and plant cells adjust to water concentration
They must strengthen or be killed
How do membrane carriers and channels create “selectivity” in the cell membrane
They created currents and that stops in certain places around the cell
Discuss facilitated diffusion
Spontaneous passage of ions and molecules
What are the benefits of active transport
They have different functions in different environment
What is a “sodium-potassium pump” and that how does it operate
The pump is meant to equalize the amount of sodium to potassium in the cell
What is a “proton pump”
It proton pump is meant to transport proteins to contribute to electro chemical gradients such as hydrogen Atoms
What is chemiosmosis
Uses stored energy to form a hydrogen ion gradient to power a cell
What is receptor-mediated endocytosis
These receptors give warning to any foreign substances making contact with the cell
What are cell surface markers
They are markers that show The cells current information
What are desmosomes
Intercellular junctions and animal cells that act as an anchor
What are tight junctions
Junctions that prevent leakage of materials being transported between cells
What are gap junctions
You junctions that allow passage of materials between cells
What are plasmdesmata
An opening in a plant cell where strands of cytosol connect between cells
