Chap 6 Cells

Question 0

Compound light microscope

Answer 0

Visible light is passed through specimen and then through glass lenses lenses refract the light.

Question 1

Name three principles of modern cell theory

Answer 1

Every living organism is made up of one or more cells. The smallest living organisms are single cells, and cells are the functional units of multicellular organisms. All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

Question 2

Electron microscope

Answer 2

Using a being of electrons that are shot through the specimen electrons have much shorter wavelengths of visible light

Question 3

Why are cells not long

Answer 3

This depends on the surface area two-volume ratios cells need to build communicate and if they increase volume too much it makes this task impossible

Question 4

What is a prokaryotic cell

Answer 4

A cell that has its DNA concentrated in a region called the nucleoid, but no membrane separates this region from the rest of the cell. The sellers full of ribosomes where proteins are synthesized.

Question 5

What is the structure of an animal cell

Answer 5

Most prominent organelle and an animal cell is usually the nucleus. Chrommatin in the nucleus consists of DNA.

Question 6

Describe a plant cell

Answer 6

A plant cell like a animal cell has a nucleus and other organelles. However the plants also contains a family membrane enclosed organelles called plastids. The most important type of Plastid is a chloroplast which carries out photosynthesis.

Question 7

What are the three components to cells

Answer 7

Plasma membrane, genetic material, and cytoplasm.

Question 8

What is the function of the plasma membrane.

Answer 8

It isolates the cytoplasm from the external environment. In regulates the flow of material between the cytoplasm and its environment. It allows interaction with other cells

Question 9

What is cytoplasm

Answer 9

Consists of all the materials inside the plasma membrane (Water, salts, assortment of organic molecules, enzymes, other proteins used in structure, and organelles)

Question 10

What are the two main types of cells

Answer 10

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic

Question 11

Describe the differences between the prokaryotic and the eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

Prokaryotic: greater than 5 µm most have a rigid cell wall (some have polysaccharide coating) cytoplasm is relatively homogenous

Eukaryotic: less than 10 µm plants have a cell wall whiles animals have no cell wall, cytoplasm composed of many organelles, fluid called cytosome “sell solution”

Question 12

What is the nucleus

Answer 12

Looks like a “woofle ball”, poorest. Contains the DNA, and inside area called the nucleolus

Question 13

What Are pores

Answer 13

Allow for water ions ATP to pass through freely large molecule are controlled, however exert extreme selectivity of RNA molecules. The pores have proteins with the holes that go between nuclear envelope

Question 14

What is the nuclear envelope

Answer 14

Outer surface peppered with ribosomes some places and er

is directly continuous with. Outer membranes

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

Contains ribosomal RNA, and proteins

Question 16

Cell membrane

Answer 16

All membranes composed of a phospholipid by layer with proteins and cholesterol imbedded in between.

Question 17

Organelles without and don’t membrane system

Answer 17

ER, Golgi bodies, lysosomes

Question 18

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 18

System of membranous tubes, sacks forming compartments.

Question 19

Golgi complex

Answer 19

Set of smooth membranes that are stacked into flattened, fluid filled sacs. The side closest to the plasma membrane bulges at the ends. It’s derived from the ER. Each stack is a Golgi body

Question 20

What are three functions of the Golgi complex

Answer 20

Separates proteins and lipids received from the ER.
Modifies some molecules – sugars to proteins to make Glycoproteins
Packages for mentioned materials into vesicles for transport to cell membrane. Or other parts of cell

Question 21

What are lysosomes

Answer 21

Major function isn’t digestion and disposal. Each organelle contains close to 40 hydrolytic enzymes that are able to break down polysaccharides, DNA, RNA, proteins, and certain lipids.

Question 22

What are plastids

Answer 22

Organelles special lighting photosynthetic food production and storage. There are three main kinds

Question 23

What are the three main kinds of plastids

Answer 23

Chloroplasts: with photosynthetic pigments and starch storage capacity.
Chromoplasts: with pigments that are not functioning in photosynthesis. These pigments are red or brown they give carrots, fruits, pedals their distinct color.

Amyloplasts: with start storing capacity, no pigments. They are colorless. They occur stems, roots, seeds and other parts that have little sunlight.

Question 24

Chloroplasts

Answer 24

Organelles specializing in photosynthesis their double membrane with the inner membrane containing if semi fluid matrix called stroma

Question 25

What is Mitochondria

Answer 25

Organelles specializing in production of ATP. These are double membrane with the inner membrane containing a matrix.

Question 26

What is a cytoskeleton

Answer 26

Internal framework of eukaryotic cells, cellular content stream about but are drifting about haphazardly. Proper self function requires nonrandom organization

Question 27

What functions do the cytoskeleton’s perform

Answer 27

Cell shape
Cell movement
Organelle movement
Cell division

Question 28

What are microfilaments

Answer 28

Is a small flexible strand. Actin is one of its structural components in association with a second protein Myosin. One filament slide over the next.

Question 29

What are Microtubules

Answer 29

A hollow cylinder assembled from protein subunits called tubulin. Microtubules are involved in organelle movement, help divide heredity material during cell division, and are a key part of flagella and cilia.

Question 30

What are cilia and flagella?

Answer 30

Arise from bassal bodies, Usually just beneath the plasma cell membrane. Bassal bodies have a nine short fused triplets around a pair of unfused microtubules, which give rise to nine pairs of microtubule.