Digestion And Metabolism (Ch. 41)Vocabulary

Question 0

Define:

Catalyst

Answer 0

A molecule that can lower the activation energy necessary to start a chemical reaction

Question 1

Define:

Activation energy

Answer 1

Energy necessary to destabilize bonds and start a chemical reaction

Question 2

Define:

Substrate

Answer 2

A molecule that is acted upon by an enzyme

Question 3

Define:

Coenzyme

Answer 3

A nonprotein organic molecule that accepts electrons from an enzyme vitamins are often part of a coenzyme

Question 4

Define:

Cofactor

Answer 4

Metal ions that bond to enzymes reactive sites to help pull electrons from substrates

Question 5

Define:

Endergonic reaction

Answer 5

A chemical reaction requires outside energy and the products contain more energy than the reactants. energy is stored

Question 6

Define:

Exergonic reaction

Answer 6

The chemical reaction requires little outside energy and the prize contain less energy than the reactants. Energy is given off.

Question 7

Define:

Entropy

Answer 7

A measure of the randomness of energy. Energy is the Dispersed for heat and is not available for work.

Question 8

Define:

Metabolism

Answer 8

The sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in the cell or in an organism.

Question 9

Define:

Free energy

Answer 9

Energy available to do work

Question 10

Define:

Digestion

Answer 10

The hydrolysis of polymers to monomers

Question 11

Define:

Carnivore

Answer 11

An organism that feeds on animal material

Question 12

Define:

Herbivore

Answer 12

An organism that feeds on both animal and plant material

Question 13

Define:

Omnivore

Answer 13

An organism that feeds on both animal and plant material

Question 14

Define:

Epiglottis

Answer 14

Flap or tissue that covers the opening to the trachea during swallowing

Question 15

Define:

Peristalsis

Answer 15

Contraction of the circular muscle around digestive tract

Question 16

Define:

Sphincter

Answer 16

Concentration of circular muscle that “pinch” down and prevent the movement of food along the digestive tract

Question 17

Define:

Bolus

Answer 17

Term used to describe food being chewed in the mouth

Question 18

Define:

Chyme

Answer 18

Term used to describe food in the stomach and small intestine. has the consistency of peace soup

Question 19

Define:

Feces

Answer 19

The term used to describe the waste in the large intestine. Composed of undigested matter and bacteria

Question 20

Define:

Lacteal

Answer 20

Lymphatic vessel that absorbs and carries absorbed triglycerides from the Villi of the small intestine

Question 21

Define:

Differences in herbivores and carnivores teeth

Answer 21

Herbivores that have teeth that are meant to grind plant life while carnivores have teeth that are meant for tearing

Question 22

Define:

Differences in herbivores and carnivore stomachs

Answer 22

Herbivores stomachs contain an enzyme that are meant to breakdown plant material. While carnivores lack this enzyme