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MOD > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 DNA viruses ?

A

HHAPPY

Herpes
Hepadena
Adeno
Papova
Parvo
Pox
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2
Q

What 3 bacteria are almost as small as viruses?

A

Chlamydia
Ricketssiae
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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3
Q

Which 2 viruses are single stranded DNA viruses?

A

Poxavirus, parvovirus

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4
Q

A 26-year-old woman presents to the emergency room for 3 days of high fever, chills, muscle aches, a severe headache, and sore throat. She works in a nursing home but has not had her flu shot yet this year. She has a past medical history of systemic lupus erythematosus and hypothyroidism. A rapid strep test is negative, and a rapid antigen detection test for flu is positive.

what is the type of replication and capsid?

A

Orthomyxoviridae

Rna negative
helical

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5
Q

Which family of viruses includes influenza?

A

orthomyxoviruses

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6
Q

Which virus causes croup?

A

Paramyxo virus (parainfluenza)

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7
Q

Antigenic shift is associated with ________and antigenic drift causes ___________

A

pandemics; epidemics

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8
Q

Which paramyxovirus can result in parotitis?

A

Mumps ( negative sense, enveloped )

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9
Q

1 cause of pneumonia in children?

A

RSV

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10
Q

28-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for fatigue, malaise, and abdominal pain. He reports his symptoms began a few days ago and have progressively worsened. His symptoms are associated with nausea, 2 episodes of emesis, and generalized pruritus. Social history is significant for recent travel to India. He is currently sexually active with multiple men and does not use condoms. Physical examination is notable for scleral icterus, generalized jaundice, and hepatomegaly. Serologic testing is remarkable for anti-HAV IgM antibodies

How did this person acquire this virus?

  1. sexual history
  2. recent travel
  3. history of IV drug use
  4. alcohol consumption
  5. history of blood transfusions
A

2.

This patient is experiencing an active Heptatitis A infection. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and is commonly seen in unvaccinated international travelers.

Hep A has (+) IgM if active infection
causes : acute hepatitis (fever, jaundice, high liver enzymes)

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11
Q

Which demographic can commonly display anicteric hepatitis A infection?

A

young children and infants

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12
Q

A 35-year-old presents to the emergency department due to abdominal pain and malaise. He also reports “yellow-ing” of his skin. Medical history is noncontributory. Social history is notable for intravenous drug use and having multiple sexual partners. Physical examination is remarkable for right upper quadrant tenderness, generalized jaundice, and scleral icterus. Laboratory studies demonstrate the presence of HBsAg and significantly elevated IgM anti-HBc, and HBeAg.

What is the type of replication of this virus? is it DNA or RNA

A

HBV: double stranded DNA

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13
Q

Hepatitis B infection

Which serum HBV marker predicts infectivity? old vs new infection?

A
  1. HBeAg;

2. IgM/igG anti HBcAg

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14
Q

What does (+) anti HBsAg indicate?

A

person is immune/ VACCINATED to hepatitis B , cure , no active disease

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15
Q

Hepatitis B infection

What does the presence of anti-HBc and anti-HBsAg indicate?

A

Recovery from acute HBV

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16
Q

A 35-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for worsening abdominal pain and “yellowing” of the skin. He reports that his symptoms began a few weeks ago and is associated with pale stools and dark urine. He denies any sick contacts and cannot identify a likely cause of his symptoms. He endorses to using opiates use via injection and is sexually active with multiple men and inconsistently using condoms. On physical exam, scleral icterus is appreciated in an uncomfortable appearing man.

If they test positive for anti- HCV what is the method of transmission?

A

spread by blood

Hepatitis C

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17
Q

Which 2 hepatitis viruses can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma?

A

HBV and HCV

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18
Q

What 4 viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fever?

A

Arenaviridae, Filoviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Flaviviridae.

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19
Q

What family of viruses does West nile virus belong to?

A

Flaviviridae

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20
Q

What family of viruses does mumps and measles belong to ?

A

Paramyxoviridae

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21
Q

What are the acute transient infection causing viruses

A

Poliovirus ( enterovirus)
West nile
Mumps
Measles

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22
Q

What 4 viruses transform infected cells into benign or malignant tumor cells?

A

EBV
HPV
HBV
GTLV1

these are transforming viral infections

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23
Q

Which infections is the immune system is unable to elimi- nate
continue viral replication ? ( chronic productive)

A

HIV

HBV

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24
Q

What is a latent infection virus?

A

HSV herpes viruses

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25
Q

Which strain of influenza is found in animals including ducks, chickens, pigs, whales and horse?

A

Influenza A (orthomyxoviridae)

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26
Q

What is the most common subtype of HIV 1 in US.

A

Subtype B

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27
Q

What is the most common complication of influenza?

A

Pneumonia

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28
Q

What are 2 bacterial opportunistic infections involved with HIV?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

mycobacterium avium intracellulare

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29
Q

_________of HIV binds CD4 and the co-receptors CXCR4 {(primarily on T cells), and __________(primarily on macrophages)

A

gp120/ CCR5

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30
Q

What is the treatment for rotavirus?

A

oral rehydration therapy

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31
Q

What four viruses cause diarrhea? Which one is DNA virus??

A

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Astrovirus
Adenovirus (DNA virus )*****

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32
Q

Which virus that causes diarrhea is the MOST common cause of childhood diarrhea in underdeveloped countries?

A

Rotavirus (naked, dsRNA)

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33
Q

A 2-year-old girl presents to the emergency room for diarrhea and abnormal behavior. Her mother reports that she had been having watery diarrhea for the past 2 days with some nonbloody vomiting. Although she has been encouraging the patient to drink more fluids, she has been resistant. Today, the patient is sleepier than usual, and her urine output is also less than usual. On physical exam, she has sunken eyes and dry mucous membranes. She has an episode of diarrhea while in the emergency room. She is given intravenous hydration

What virus does this person have?

A

Rotavirus

34
Q

A 10-year-old boy presents to the emergency room after being bit by an animal in a cave. His parents report that they live near some caves that the boy frequently explores. While they are not sure if it was a bat, they are concerned about rabies. On physical exam, there is a small excoriation on his left leg. Otherwise, physical exam is within normal limits. The boy is given the rabies vaccine and immunoglobulin

What is characteristic morphology of this virus? What are they most likely to die of if not treated?

A

Rhabdovirus ; bullet shaped; death by respiratory failure

35
Q

Rabies virus replication occurs in eusinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions called ___________

A

Negri bodies

36
Q

Which virus caused by bats and raccoons commonly causes dysphagia, muscle spasms, and coma?

A

Rhabdovirus ( RNA - , enveloped)

37
Q

Acute encephalitis and hydrophobia is caused by what virus?

A

Rhabdovirus ( RNA - )

38
Q

Which strain of human immunodeficieny virus is less pathogenic and less transmitted?

A

HIV 2

39
Q

What are the stage progressions of rhabdovirus?

A
  1. prodrome ( fever sorethroat)
  2. acute encephalitis ( madness)
  3. brainstem encephalitis (foaming mouth)
    4, DEEATH
40
Q

What family of viruses does Dengue fever belong to?

A

Falviveridae

41
Q

What family of viruses does Lassa fever and Rift valley river belong to ?

A

Arenaviridae

42
Q

Which flavivirus is associated with flaccid paralysis?

A

West nile virus

43
Q

Which viruses are associated with HIV infections?

A

Herpes zoster
EBV
HSV
Cytomegalovirus

44
Q

Any virus that is transmitted by mosquitoes, flees, or ticks is said to be an _________

A

ARBOVIRUS

Bugs, Fleas, Ticks

B- unyaviridae
Flaviviridae
Togaviridae

45
Q

What viruses are under Herpisveridae?

A

EBV
Zoster
HSV1/2
Cytomegalovirus

46
Q

What is the etiology of Shingles?

\

A

varicella zoster

47
Q

Which two demographics are commonly affected by Herpes Zoster (shingles)?

A

elderly and immunocompromised

48
Q

A 68-year-old male presents to his dermatologist with a painful rash above his right nipple as following along a dermatome. Which of the following is the most likely etiology of the patient’s rash

  1. Excessive fibrosis and collagen deposition
  2. Superficial bacterial skin infection
  3. Autoimmune IgG antibody against desmosomes
  4. Virally mediated epidermal hyperplasia
  5. Reactivation of latent virus
A
  1. herpes zoster (shingles)
49
Q

What virus is the most common cause of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus (picnoviridae) (naked, (+)senseRNA

50
Q

What is the second most common cause of the common cold?

A

Coronavirus

51
Q

What is the route of transmission of most picornaviruses?

A

fecal oral

52
Q

Zika virus is commonly transmitted by the ________mosquito vector

A

aedes

53
Q

Erythema multiforme is a blistering skin disorder most commonly associated with _________infection

A

HSV

54
Q

Erythema migrans is associated with _________
Erythema marginatum is associated with________
Erythema multiforme is associated with _________

A

lyme disease
rheumatic fever
HSV

55
Q

A child given aspirin for a viral illness is at risk for developing?

A

Reyes syndrome

hepatic encephalitis

56
Q

What virulence factor does orthomyxo virus require for progeny to exit the cell?

A

Neuraminadase

57
Q

Koplik spots, macular papular rash, conjunctivitis are all symptoms of ?

A

Measles (Paramyxo virus)

58
Q

orchitis and parotiditis are clinical symptoms of _____

A

MUMPS (paramyxo virus)

59
Q

Ebola and Marburg can be transmitted via ?

A

monkey contact. (Filoviridiae)

60
Q

Hantavirus causes __________ syndrome and is part of the _________ family of viruses

A

Bunyaviridae

61
Q

Fusion protein is the virulence factor of what family of viruses?

A

Paramyxo virus

62
Q

What is the reservoir of arenaviridae?

A

RODENT droppings

cause lassa fever/ rift valley fever

63
Q

What is the most common cause of ASEPTIC meningitis (no sugar, no bacteria, high protein)?

A

ENTEROVIRUS

cocksackie A/B
poliomavirus (assymetric paralysis)

64
Q

poliovirus replicates in __________

A

peyer patches / affects motor neurons too!

65
Q

Yellow fever and dengue fever are both transmitted by ____________

A

AEDES mosquito

66
Q

What are the 3 diagnostic symptoms of congenital rubella?

A

cataracts
blueberry muffin
heart defects

67
Q

What protein is necessary for HIV to ‘drill’ into host cell membrane?

A

gp41

68
Q

What protein makes up the outer capsule of HIV?

A

Gp120

69
Q

What is the #1 cause of sensorineural hearing loss in children?

A

CMV

70
Q

What is the #1 cause of congenital viral infection

/

A

CMV

71
Q

high febrile seizures and lacy rash are unique to _____

A

HHV 6 / Roseola

72
Q

A person with Karposi sarcoma has abnormal proliferation of ?

A

vasculature due to VEGF

73
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis / blood in urine is caused by ?

A

Polyomavirus BK

Adenovirus

74
Q

HIV patients presenting with PML ( progressive, multifocal leukoencephalopathy is due to ?

A

Polyomavirus JC

75
Q

HPV 6, 11 are associated with _________

HPV 16. 18 are associated with _________

A
  1. genital warts

2. cervical cell carcinoma

76
Q

Fever with slapped face rash on cheeks indicates_______

A

parvovirus (5th disease)

77
Q

A child born with hydrops fetalis and hyperchromic microcytic anemia most likely acquired____

A

parvovirus (5th disease) via mom in rpegnancy

78
Q

Which DNA virus presents with a synchronous rash of face and palms and is the largest DNA virus?

A

Variola virus

79
Q

Most common cause of viral encephalitis?

A

HSV herpes

80
Q

What is the demographic for people who have Varicella ZOster?

A

immunosuppression

advanced age

81
Q

DEscribe the rash with someone who has Varicella Zoster?

A

follows dermatomal distribution

MOD (13 decks)

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