viruses

Question 1

name the 7 processes that deems a organism ‘living’

Answer 1

movementrespirationsensitivitygrowthreproductionexcretionnutrition

Question 2

what is a prokaryote

Answer 2

an organism with no nucleus

Question 3

what is the function of pilli

Answer 3

used in conjugation

Question 4

what is a nucleoid

Answer 4

a coil of DNA in prokaryotes

Question 5

what is the cell wall of prokaryotes made of

Answer 5

murein (peptidoglycan)

Question 6

what is the purpose of a slime coat in prokaryotes

Answer 6

to help bacteria form a colonycan cause disease

Question 7

what type of ribosomes do prokaryotes have

Answer 7

70S small

Question 8

describe plasmid DNA

Answer 8

not associated with the nucleiantibiotic resistant genes are present here

Question 9

what is the purpose of mesosome

Answer 9

aerobic respiration in prokaryotes

Question 10

name the four things a virus is made up of

Answer 10

DNA or RNAviral envelopecapsid containing the DNA or RNA proteins

Question 11

what is the purpose of the proteins on the outside of a virus cell

Answer 11

help recognise and bind to cells

Question 12

what is the viral envelope in a virus cell

Answer 12

fatty lipid molecules taken from cells in a host

Question 13

what does a bacteriophage have that a normal virus cell doesnt

Answer 13

collarsheath basplatespiketail fibres

Question 14

what is different about a retrovirus

Answer 14

they have a large latent period where people are unaware that there is a virus presentthey insert into the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell

Question 15

describe the process of a normal virus affecting an organism

Answer 15

inserts DNAhost cells begin replicating virus based on the instructions in the viral DNAhost cell bursts open and virus is released

Question 16

do virus’ reproduce

Answer 16

yes but not alone a host cell does the reproduction using the instructions of the viral DNA

Question 17

do animals have centrioles

Answer 17

yes

Question 18

do prokaryotes have 80s ribsomes

Answer 18

no

Question 19

how do prokaryotes respire

Answer 19

using the mesosome

Question 20

what has a plasmodesmata

Answer 20

plants

Question 21

what is endosymbiotic theory

Answer 21

a theory that describes the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 22

evidence that chloroplasts come from free living cells

Answer 22

the have their own circular DNA and have 70S ribosomes the same as prokaryotes

Question 23

what bacteria have chloroplasts evolved from

Answer 23

cyanobacteria

Question 24

how did the free living cells ‘get into’ the prokaryote cells

Answer 24

through the endocytosis allowing them to come into the cell and evolving to live within that cell, over time forming an animal or plant cell

Question 25

what type of relationship did the prokaryotes and mitochondria have

Answer 25

a symbiotic relatinship - the prokaryote protected the mitochondria and the mitochondria produced energy for the cell

Question 26

what is robert hooke famous for

Answer 26

used a simple microscope to observe a slice of cork he observd shape that reminded hm of monks living quarters and so named the structure ‘cells’

Question 27

what are the three tenets of cell theory

Answer 27

all living organisms are composed of one or more cells the cell is the most basic unit of life all cells arise from pre existing living cells by biogenesis

Question 28

what four types of tissues do mammals have

Answer 28

epithelial, muscular, nervous and connective