viruses Flashcards
name the 7 processes that deems a organism ‘living’
movementrespirationsensitivitygrowthreproductionexcretionnutrition
what is a prokaryote
an organism with no nucleus
what is the function of pilli
used in conjugation
what is a nucleoid
a coil of DNA in prokaryotes
what is the cell wall of prokaryotes made of
murein (peptidoglycan)
what is the purpose of a slime coat in prokaryotes
to help bacteria form a colonycan cause disease
what type of ribosomes do prokaryotes have
70S small
describe plasmid DNA
not associated with the nucleiantibiotic resistant genes are present here
what is the purpose of mesosome
aerobic respiration in prokaryotes
name the four things a virus is made up of
DNA or RNAviral envelopecapsid containing the DNA or RNA proteins
what is the purpose of the proteins on the outside of a virus cell
help recognise and bind to cells
what is the viral envelope in a virus cell
fatty lipid molecules taken from cells in a host
what does a bacteriophage have that a normal virus cell doesnt
collarsheath basplatespiketail fibres
what is different about a retrovirus
they have a large latent period where people are unaware that there is a virus presentthey insert into the chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell
describe the process of a normal virus affecting an organism
inserts DNAhost cells begin replicating virus based on the instructions in the viral DNAhost cell bursts open and virus is released
do virus’ reproduce
yes but not alone a host cell does the reproduction using the instructions of the viral DNA
do animals have centrioles
yes
do prokaryotes have 80s ribsomes
no
how do prokaryotes respire
using the mesosome
what has a plasmodesmata
plants
what is endosymbiotic theory
a theory that describes the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts
evidence that chloroplasts come from free living cells
the have their own circular DNA and have 70S ribosomes the same as prokaryotes
what bacteria have chloroplasts evolved from
cyanobacteria
how did the free living cells ‘get into’ the prokaryote cells
through the endocytosis allowing them to come into the cell and evolving to live within that cell, over time forming an animal or plant cell
what type of relationship did the prokaryotes and mitochondria have
a symbiotic relatinship - the prokaryote protected the mitochondria and the mitochondria produced energy for the cell
what is robert hooke famous for
used a simple microscope to observe a slice of cork he observd shape that reminded hm of monks living quarters and so named the structure ‘cells’
what are the three tenets of cell theory
all living organisms are composed of one or more cells the cell is the most basic unit of life all cells arise from pre existing living cells by biogenesis
what four types of tissues do mammals have
epithelial, muscular, nervous and connective
