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YEAR 1 BIO > carbohydrates > Flashcards

carbohydrates Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a monosaccharide

A

One molecule of a carbohydrate

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2
Q

What is a triose monosaccharide

A

A monosaccharide with three carbons

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3
Q

What is a pentose monosaccharide

A

One with five carbons

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4
Q

What is an isomer

A

Molecules with the same chemical formula and same bonds but different arrangement of atoms

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5
Q

What is the formula of glucose

A

C6H12O6

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6
Q

What is the difference between beta glucose and alpha glucose

A

Alpha glucose has the H on top and the OH on the bottom on carbon 1 Beta glucose has the OH on top and the H on bottom on carbon 1

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7
Q

What is the formula and function of fructose

A

C6H12O6 fruit sugar

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8
Q

What is the formula, and function of ribose

A

C5H10H5 pentose sugar in RNA

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9
Q

What is the formula and function of galactose

A

C6H12O6 milk sugar

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10
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

Two molecules of carbohydrates bonded by glycosidic bonds

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11
Q

How are disaccharides formed

A

Condensation reaction as water is formed in the process

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12
Q

Give three examples of disaccharides and what they’re made up of and where they are found

A

Maltose - alpha glucose + alpha glucose (barley)Sucrose - glucose + fructose (sugar)Lactose - glucose + galactose (milk sugar)

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13
Q

How do you reverse the reaction of monosaccharides to form disaccharides

A

Hydrolysis Adding water

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14
Q

What is a polysaccharide

A

Many molecules of carbohydrates

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15
Q

Give examples of polysaccharides

A

StarchGlycogen Cellulose Chitin

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16
Q

Describe starch

A

Helical structures good for storage Insoluble Made of amylose and amylopectin Alpha glucose

17
Q

What is amylose

A

Up branched Made of 1-4 bonds

18
Q

What is amylopectin

A

Branches 1-4 and 1-6 bonds

19
Q

Describe glycogen

A

Alpha glucose 1-4 and 1-6 bonds More branches so more ends for the enzymes to more rapidly break it down

20
Q

Describe cellulose

A

Made of beta glucoseStructural Monomers have to be inverted for OH and H to line upThey have alternative glycosidic bonds Weak hydrogen bonds and strong covalent bonds forming micro fibrils Arranged in layers at alternating angles

21
Q

Describe chitin

A

Beta glucose StructuralForm the exoskeleton of insects and fungal cell walls 1-4 linked monomers Strong waterproof and lightweight

22
Q

What angle are the layers in chitin at and what does it form

A

180Microfibrils

YEAR 1 BIO (16 decks)

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