carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monosaccharide
One molecule of a carbohydrate
What is a triose monosaccharide
A monosaccharide with three carbons
What is a pentose monosaccharide
One with five carbons
What is an isomer
Molecules with the same chemical formula and same bonds but different arrangement of atoms
What is the formula of glucose
C6H12O6
What is the difference between beta glucose and alpha glucose
Alpha glucose has the H on top and the OH on the bottom on carbon 1 Beta glucose has the OH on top and the H on bottom on carbon 1
What is the formula and function of fructose
C6H12O6 fruit sugar
What is the formula, and function of ribose
C5H10H5 pentose sugar in RNA
What is the formula and function of galactose
C6H12O6 milk sugar
What is a disaccharide
Two molecules of carbohydrates bonded by glycosidic bonds
How are disaccharides formed
Condensation reaction as water is formed in the process
Give three examples of disaccharides and what they’re made up of and where they are found
Maltose - alpha glucose + alpha glucose (barley)Sucrose - glucose + fructose (sugar)Lactose - glucose + galactose (milk sugar)
How do you reverse the reaction of monosaccharides to form disaccharides
Hydrolysis Adding water
What is a polysaccharide
Many molecules of carbohydrates
Give examples of polysaccharides
StarchGlycogen Cellulose Chitin
Describe starch
Helical structures good for storage Insoluble Made of amylose and amylopectin Alpha glucose
What is amylose
Up branched Made of 1-4 bonds
What is amylopectin
Branches 1-4 and 1-6 bonds
Describe glycogen
Alpha glucose 1-4 and 1-6 bonds More branches so more ends for the enzymes to more rapidly break it down
Describe cellulose
Made of beta glucoseStructural Monomers have to be inverted for OH and H to line upThey have alternative glycosidic bonds Weak hydrogen bonds and strong covalent bonds forming micro fibrils Arranged in layers at alternating angles
Describe chitin
Beta glucose StructuralForm the exoskeleton of insects and fungal cell walls 1-4 linked monomers Strong waterproof and lightweight
What angle are the layers in chitin at and what does it form
180Microfibrils
