lipids Flashcards
what are the properties of lipids
insoluble in water
what are lipids made of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
lipids are one of the four classes of………….
macromolecules
describe what is meant by a saturated fatty acid
linked by only single bonds so every carbon atom has made 4 bonds and they are ‘saturated’ in hydrogenslinear so pack closely
what do saturated acids form and give examples
solidsanimal fats - fat on meat, butter, lard
describe what is meant by unsaturated fatty acids
double bonds between carbon atoms forms kinks in molecules
what is polyunsaturated
2 or more double bonds
what is meant by monounsaturated
one double bond
what bonds form between monoglycerides
ester bonds
what do unsaturated fatty acids form
liquidsplant oils
what is triglyceride
glycerol and 3 fatty acids with ester bonds
what is a phospholipid
one glycerol with a phosphate group and two fatty acids with ester bonds
how can polyglycerides be broken down
hydrolysis
what does LDL stand for
low density lipoproteins
what does LDL cholesterol in the body do
deposits cholesterol
is LDL good for you
too much is bad
what does HDL stand for
high density lippoproteins
what does HDL do
transports cholesterol to liver and removes it
what does a diet high in saturated fats lead to
more LDL production
what does a diet high in unsaturated fats lead to
more HDL production
what does CHD stand for
coronary heart disease
what causes CHD
high blood pressure and smoking which damages the cells lining the artery wallsa build up of LDL in coronary arteries
what does artheromas mean
raised patches of plaque that solidifies and narrows the arteries
what does narrowing of the arteries cause
inhibits nutrient delivery raises blood pressure
how can you test for a lipid
1ml of unknown substance and 1ml of ethanol with equal amounts waterif a white emulsion is formed its a lipid
