enzymes Flashcards
what structure are enzymes
tertiary globular structures proteins
what effect does temperature have on enzymes
INCREASEincreases the kinetic energy collide more often which increases successful collision until optimum is reached too much kinetic energy caused bonds to vibrate and break hydrogen bonds DENATURED DECREASEinactive due to no kinetic energy
what effect does pH have on enzymes
different side chains are acid or alkali hydrogen - positive (attracted to negative)hydroxyl - negative (attracted to positive)small changes only cause reversible changes hydroxyl ions are negative and attract to positive charges
what are intracellular enzymes
work inside the cell
what are extracellular enzymes
work outside the cell
what are the recommended names
short name often ending in ‘ase’
what are the systematic names
describes the type of reaction happening
what is lock and key theory
rigid in shape one the substance with the correct shape enter the active site a reaction will ensue this is because it is directly complementary
what is induced fit hypothesis
flexible CATALYTIC CONFORMATIONactive site will change due to attractive chargeschange in shape destabilises the substrate and helps to weaken bonds and break them
what is an anabolic reaction
enzymes bring substrate molecules together
what is a catabolic reaction
enzymes active site affects the bonds and so they are easier to break
what is lysozymeand how does it work
an antibacterial enzyme in human mucus, saliva and tearsthe sugar in bacteria fits the grove of the active sitethe lysozyme changes shape and hydrolysis the bonds water enters via osmosis and the cells burst
