enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

what structure are enzymes

A

tertiary globular structures proteins

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2
Q

what effect does temperature have on enzymes

A

INCREASEincreases the kinetic energy collide more often which increases successful collision until optimum is reached too much kinetic energy caused bonds to vibrate and break hydrogen bonds DENATURED DECREASEinactive due to no kinetic energy

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3
Q

what effect does pH have on enzymes

A

different side chains are acid or alkali hydrogen - positive (attracted to negative)hydroxyl - negative (attracted to positive)small changes only cause reversible changes hydroxyl ions are negative and attract to positive charges

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4
Q

what are intracellular enzymes

A

work inside the cell

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5
Q

what are extracellular enzymes

A

work outside the cell

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6
Q

what are the recommended names

A

short name often ending in ‘ase’

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7
Q

what are the systematic names

A

describes the type of reaction happening

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8
Q

what is lock and key theory

A

rigid in shape one the substance with the correct shape enter the active site a reaction will ensue this is because it is directly complementary

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9
Q

what is induced fit hypothesis

A

flexible CATALYTIC CONFORMATIONactive site will change due to attractive chargeschange in shape destabilises the substrate and helps to weaken bonds and break them

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10
Q

what is an anabolic reaction

A

enzymes bring substrate molecules together

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11
Q

what is a catabolic reaction

A

enzymes active site affects the bonds and so they are easier to break

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12
Q

what is lysozymeand how does it work

A

an antibacterial enzyme in human mucus, saliva and tearsthe sugar in bacteria fits the grove of the active sitethe lysozyme changes shape and hydrolysis the bonds water enters via osmosis and the cells burst

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