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Term III: Pathology > Viruses > Flashcards

Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What infectious agents are dependent on host cells?

A

Prions and viruses

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2
Q

What infectious agents are independent of host cells?

Which are prokaryotes? Unicellular/multicellular eukaryotes?

A

Prokaryotes: Bacteria, mycobacteria

Eukaryotes:
Unicellular - Fungi, protozoa
Multicellular - parasites

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3
Q

Are fungi unicellular or multicellular? Protozoa?

A

Both are unicellular

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4
Q

Which infectious organisms primarily incite a lymphocytic inflammatory reaction?

A

Viruses, protozoans

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5
Q

Which infectious organisms primarily incite a granulomatous inflammatory rxn?

A

Mycobacteria, fungi

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6
Q

What infectious organisms primarily incite a granulocytic/pyogenic inflammatory rxn?

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

What infectious organisms primarily incite an eosinophilic inflammatory reaction?

A

Multicellular parasites

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8
Q

What two things can shift the equilibrium of the symbiosis of our microbiome?

A
  1. host immunodeficiency

2. changes in composition of microbiome (pathogens or antibiotics)

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9
Q

Property of infectious agent that reflects disease producing potential

A

Virulence

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10
Q

movement of organisms from one usually isolated ecosystem to a new ecosystem

A

Emerging infections

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11
Q

What are the routes bugs take to infect the host?

A

Inhalation, ingestion, injection (blood stream), sexual transmission, direct contact w/ skin

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12
Q

What are the routes bugs take to infect the blood stream?

A

Insect vectors, injection (drug abuse or iatrogenic), sepsis

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13
Q

What would infection/inflammation of gallbladder be called? Bladder?

A

Gallbladder - cholecystitis

Bladder - cystitis

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14
Q

What is general infection/inflammation of GI tract called?

A

Gastroenteritis

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15
Q

What is a localized infection called?

A

Abscess/Granuloma

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16
Q

No nucleic acid, protein only, subverts host protein

A

Prion

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17
Q

Contains DNA or RNA, lmtd # of structural and enzymatic proteins, uses host machinery for replication

A

Virus

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18
Q

What are the structural proteins of a virus for?

A

Viral capsule, Usually for cell targeting and stabilization of nucleic acid

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19
Q

What is the viral trophism (what cells do viruses prefer to infect)?

A

Host cells that are targeted depend on presence of viral receptors – subversion of normal cell receptors

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20
Q

T or F. Viruses have organelles.

A

False

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21
Q

What is the size range for viruses?

A

20 - 300 nm

22
Q

What types of enzymes do viruses generally have (2 broad types?

A

Polymerases, proteases

23
Q

What ability allows RNA viruses to evade host humoral responses and vaccines?

A

Rapid antigen drift

24
Q

What is an inclusion? Where does it occur?

A

Area of viral replication inside of the cell - can occur in the nucleus or the cytoplasm

25
Q

What are the 3 ways viruses produce disease?

A
  1. Direct cytopathic effects
  2. Anti-viral immune rxns - CTLs kill infected cells
  3. Transformation of host cell to neoplasm
26
Q

What direct cytopathic effects can viruses have?

A

apoptosis, shut off host protein synthesis

27
Q

How do viruses transform host cell into neoplasm?

A

Stimulate cell growth and division, Inactivate tumor suppressors and mitotic check points, Insertional mutagenesis

28
Q

What viruses cause respiratory infections

A

influenza, rhinovirus

29
Q

What viruses cause gastrointestinal infections?

A

Norovirus, rotavirus, EBV (mononucleosis, B-cell lymphoma), hepatitis A

30
Q

What viruses infect blood stream?

A

Arbovirus (West Nile), HIV

31
Q

What viruses are sexually transmitted?

A

Herpes simplex, papillomavirus (genital warts, squamous carcinoma), HIV

32
Q

Where in the cell do most RNA viruses replicate?

A

Cytoplasm

33
Q

_____ strand is translated in RNA viruses.

A

Positive

34
Q

direct translation but to produce more RNA complementary RNA must serve as template for RNA production by viral polymerase

A

Single strand positive

35
Q

cRNA must be produced for translation but the negative strand can serve as template for polymerase

A

Single strand negative

36
Q

What type of virus has reverse transcriptase which produces DNA which may be inserted in to host genome?

A

Retroviruses

37
Q

What RNA viruses cause exanthemas (viral rashes + systemic symptoms)?

A

Measles (Rubeola), mumps

38
Q

What RNA viruses cause gastroenteritis?

A

Norwalk, rotavirus

39
Q

What RNA viruses cause viral hemorrhagic fevers?

A

Ebola, yellow fever, Marburg

40
Q

Rabies: DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

41
Q

HIV: DNA or RNA virus?

A

RNA

42
Q

Where in the cell do most DNA viruses replicate?

A

Nucleus

43
Q

T or F. DNA viruses have more antigenic drift than RNA viruses.

A

False

44
Q

DNA or RNA virus? Adenovirus

A

DNA

45
Q

DNA or RNA virus? Smallpox

A

DNA

46
Q

DNA or RNA virus? Herpes simplex (HSV)

A

DNA

47
Q

DNA or RNA virus? Herpes zoster (HZV)

A

DNA

48
Q

DNA or RNA virus? EBV

A

DNA

49
Q

DNA or RNA virus? HPV

A

DNA

50
Q

What diseases can herpes zoster (HZV) cause?

A

chickenpox, Shingles

Term III: Pathology (12 decks)

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