Neoplasia I/II

Question 1

Define the following:
Neoplasia
Tumor
Cancer
Desmoplasia

Answer 1

Neoplasia - new growth
Tumor - swelling/mass
Cancer - malignant process
Desmoplasia - fibrous stroma in some cancers

Question 2

Classification of tumors based primarily on ______ component, but growth and spread are dependent on their _____.

Answer 2

Parenchymal, stroma

Question 3

Benign tumors = "root word" + oma. Define the following. 
Fibroma
Adenoma
Cystadenoma
Papilloma
Polyp

Answer 3

• Fibroma - benign tumor of fibrous tissue
• Adenoma - benign gland-forming tumor
• Cystadenoma - benign tumor forming cysts
• Papilloma - benign tumor with finger-like projections on surface
• Polyp - tumor that projects into a lumen, generally benign

Question 4

A rhabdomyoma is a:

A. Malignant tumor of smooth muscle
B. Benign tumor of fat
C. Benign tumor of skeletal muscle
D. Malignant tumor of collagen

Answer 4

C

Question 5

Malignant tumor = “root word” + carcinoma or sarcoma. Define the origin of the following:

Rhabdomyosarcoma
Adenocarcinoma

Answer 5

Rhabdomyosarcoma - mesenchymal origin

Adenocarcinoma - epithelial origin

Question 6

What is the hallmark of a malignancy?

Answer 6

Metastasis

Question 7

Mixed tumors contain ____ components scattered within a ____ stroma. May contain islands of ______ or _____.

Answer 7

Epithelial
Myxoid
Cartilage
Bone

Question 8

What is clinical term for mixed tumor? What two general types of cells do mixed tumors contain?

Answer 8

Pleomorphic adenoma

Epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells

Question 9

What tumor exception develops from all three germ cell layers instead of a single germ cell layer like most neoplasms?

Are these exceptions typically benign or malignant?

Answer 9

Teratoma - benign

Question 10

What is a disorganized, but benign mass composed of cells indigenous to the particular site?

Answer 10

Hamartoma

Question 11

What is a benign mass composed of normal cells that are different from the area it arises from?

Answer 11

Choristoma

Question 12

Define the following exceptions:
Lymphoma
Hepatoma
Neuroblastoma
Wilms tumor
Ewing sarcoma

Answer 12

Lymphoma - malignant tumor of lymphoid cells
Hepatoma - malignant liver tumor
Neuroblastoma - malignant tumor of primitive neural tissue
Wilms tumor - malignant renal tumor
Ewing sarcoma - malignant bone tumor

Question 13

What is the term for how closely the tumor resembles normal tissue?

Answer 13

Differentiation

Question 14

What is the term for undifferentiated or lack of differentiation?

Answer 14

Anaplasia

Question 15

What term is used to describe variability in size and shape?

Answer 15

Pleomorphism

Question 16

What is the normal nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio? What does it approach in malignancies?

Answer 16

Between 1:4 and 1:6

Malignancies - 1:1

Question 17

Define dysplasia. Is it reversible or irreversible? Is it malignant?

Answer 17

Loss of uniformity of cells, loss of normal architecture, usually at epithelial surfaces. It is reversible. Not necessarily malignant, but can be.

Question 18

Define carcinoma in situ.

Answer 18

Dysplastic mass that involves the entire thickness of the epithelium, but does not invade into deeper tissue.

Question 19

Are carcinomas in situ malignant or benign?

Answer 19

BENIGN! (they named it wrong)

Question 20

Define anaplastic.

Answer 20

Undifferentiated

Question 21

What do benign tumors grow that makes the tumor discrete, palpable, moveable, and easily removable?

Answer 21

Capsule - rim of compressed fibrous tissue

Question 22

What are the 4 routes of spread for malignancies?

Answer 22

1. Direct extension
2. Body cavities
3. Lymphatics – Regional lymph nodes
4. Hematogenous (blood vessels)

Question 23

In general, what route do carcinomas spread through? Sarcomas?

Answer 23

Carcinomas - lymphatics

Sarcomas - blood vessels