Viruses Flashcards
what type of virus is HIV
+ssRNA
what type of virus is Influenza A
-ssRNA
large dsDNA enveloped virus
Herpes
small DNA virus
HPV
virus that has 2 copies of the +ssRNA and host tRNA with it
HIV
virus that is segmented
Influenza A
what virus has RNA dependent RNA polymerase
influenza A
what virus has RNA dependent DNA polymerase
HIV
virus that turns itself from RNA to dsDNA
HIV
what enzyme binds viral genome into host genome
integrase
stage of HIV where patient presents with flu-like symptoms and viral load of anti-HIV Ab’s is high
stage I
stage of HIV where patient is asymptomatic and CD4+ levels can be slightly low or normal, and viral load is undetected
stage II
stage of HIV where CD4+ levels are low, patient has detectable viral load, and experiencing weird cancers/deterioration
stage III
2 really important opportunistic pathogens for HIV patients w/ AIDS
PCP (pneumocystis) and MAC
main drug cocktail used for HIV patients
2 NRTI’s + 1-2 PI’s
why can cardiovascular problems arise in patients who have been dealing w/ HIV for a long time?
due to anti-retroviral medications that increase their cholesterol
small DNA virus that has up to 200 different types
HPV
virus that has 2 capsid proteins and is naked
HPV
main players linked for transformation event causing cancer
E6 and E7
(E6-inhibits p53)
(E7-inhibits prb105)
virus causes warts
HPV
drug used to treat influenza A
oseltamivir (tamiflu)
2 topical drugs used to treat warts (HPV)
Imiquimod
podoflox
drug that turns TLR7 on and helps clearance of wart
imiquimod
drug that arrests cell cycle and helps in clearance of wart
Podoflox
HPV types ____and____are common causes of benign warts or benign head and neck tumors
6 and 11
transformation event by HPV happens when…..and leads to uncontrollable proliferation
virus accidentally inserts itself into host genome
target mucoepithelial cells and are latent in neurons
HSC-1, HSV-2, VZV
target B cells and are latent in B cells
EBV
target monocytes and lymphocytes and are latent in monocytes and lymphocytes
CMV
this virus has DNA dependent DNA polymerase
HSV (herpes)
main target for acyclovir (treats most herpes, not EBV or CMV)
thymidine kinase
weird virus that buds off nucleus and then leaves cell by exocytosis
HSV (herpes)
what causes herpes virus to be latent in neuron
LATs (latency-associated transcripts)
what happens during reactivation of herpes
virus moves down same neuron and rapidly replicates
direct analysis of HSV infection by scraping the base of a lesion
Tzanck smear
look for multi-nucleated giant cells on what to diagnose HSV
tzanck smear
2 markers for EBV
EBNA-1 and LMP-2a
EBV infects B cell and causes it to make what kind of Ab’s
nonspecific IgM
what cell (be specific) is EBV latent in
LMP-2a memory B cell
triad: exudative pharyngitis, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy
EBV and CMV
what distinguishes EBV from CMV
EBV is heterophile Ab + and CMV is Ab -
difference b/t the cells seen in EBV and CMV
EBV: atypical (Downey)
CMV: cytomegalic cell
immune response against EBV
T cells
immune response against CMV
NK cells
over the counter cream to help with HSV-1
Docosanol
treatment for CMV
Ganciclovir
