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PII > Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

key virulence factor of fungus

A

growth

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2
Q

type of fungus that grows in dead and dying material

A

saprophytes

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3
Q

patients on chemotherapy
recent organ transplant recipients
predisposed autoimmune disease

A

patients who have higher risk of acquiring fungal infection

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4
Q

chitin
beta(1,3)glucan
Ergosterol

A

3 main things the fungal cell wall is made of

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5
Q

target for anti-fungals

A

ergosterol

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6
Q

main way to diagnose fungal infections

A

direct prep microscopy (look at morphology)

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7
Q

main way to direct prep

A

KOH w/ calcofluor

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8
Q

how fungal pure culture is prepared

A

LPCB tease mount

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9
Q

2 forms of fungi

A

yeast
filamentous

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10
Q

changes phase in which it grows due to change in temperature

A

dimorphic fungi

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11
Q

phase where fungus grows in dying/dead matter and at ambient temp.

A

saprobic phase

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12
Q

phase where fungus grows in us at 37 degrees celsius

A

parasitic phase

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13
Q

hyaline

A

no color

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14
Q

dematiaceous (phaeohyphomycoses)

A

color

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15
Q

grows above medium

A

Aerial

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16
Q

grows into and under medium

A

vegetative

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17
Q

infective propagules are made when

A

during asexual reproduction

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18
Q

conidia
spores

A

Aerial hyphae

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19
Q

blastoconidia
chlamydoconidia
arthroconidia

A

vegetative hyphae

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20
Q

propagule formed and ready but still attached to hyphae

A

conidiophore or sporangiophore

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21
Q

produces conidia; septate hyphae

A

conidiophore

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22
Q

produces spores; aseptate hyphae

A

sporangiophore

23
Q

vegetative hyphae that grows as “cluster of grapes”

A

Blastoconidia

24
Q

vegetative hyphae that has terminal endings looking like rings

A

chlamydoconidia

25
Q

vegetative hyphae that has barrel-shaped growth

A

arthroconidia

26
Q

host response to fungal infection

A

first: macrophages
second: cell-mediated

27
Q

unlike bacteria, fungus do not produce what

A

exotoxins

28
Q

fungal pathogens can be classified in 2 major ways

A
  1. mode of sexual reproduction
  2. site on host
29
Q

main yeast

A

candida

30
Q

main mold

A

aspergillus

31
Q

main 3 true dimorphic fungi

A

blastomyces
histoplasma
sporothrix

32
Q

affects skin and hair
dermatophytes
to treat: topical antifungal

A

superficial mycoses

33
Q

pityriasis versicolor (macules on trunk) an example of what
(has spaghetti and meatballs direct prep)

A

superficial mycoses

34
Q

affects dermis, fascia, muscle
ulcerated lesions

A

subcutaneous mycoses

35
Q

this example of subcutaneous mycoses deals with THERMAL CONVERSION; also occupation as landscaper/gardener important

A

Sporotrichosis (sporothrix)

36
Q

opportunistic invasive fungi

A

candida

37
Q

systemic invasive fungi (2)

A

histoplasma
blastomyces

38
Q

endemic in ohio river valley and are dimorphic

A

histoplasma
blastomyces

38
Q

grows on soil and decaying leaf matter
presents w/ pneumonia and hacking cough

A

blastomycosis

39
Q

to diagnose blastomycosis

A

direct prep w/ Giemsa stain (see yeast)
culture (see hyphae)

39
Q

grows on bat and bird droppings
presents w/ flu-like sx’s (after spelunking)

A

histoplasmosis

40
Q

to diagnose histoplasmosis

A

giemsa stain (yeast)

41
Q

not true dimorphic fungi
yeast (opportunistic)
CATHETER placements

A

Candida

42
Q

blood infections w/ candida

A

candidemia

43
Q

most common cause of candidiasis

A

C. albicans

44
Q

number one cause of candidiasis

A

Ab therapy (dysbiosis)

45
Q

patient w/ HIV and diabetes has catheter removed and it had gelatinous mass on tip; he experienced rash on trunk and a fever

A

systemic response to candida in blood

46
Q

to diagnose candida:

A

culture

47
Q

toxicity of anti-fungal drugs

A

liver and renal

48
Q

topical polyenes that target ergosterol and form pores (fungicidal)

A

Amphotericin B
Nystatin

49
Q

Azole that targets ergosterol synthesis (fungistatic)

A

Flucanoazole

50
Q

Allyamine that targets ergosterol synthesis

A

Terbinafine

51
Q

least toxic anti-fungal
targets beta(1,3) glucan

A

Echinocandins

52
Q

targets fungal DNA/RNA synthesis

A

Flucytosine

PII (10 decks)

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