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PII > ENT Al-Mehdi > Flashcards

ENT Al-Mehdi Flashcards

1
Q

organism responsible for otitis externa

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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2
Q

why do children develop otitis media more commonly than adults do?

A

b/c their Eustachian Tube is more flat and narrow than adults and can’t drain well

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3
Q

2 most common pathogens that can cause otitis media

A

S. pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza B

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4
Q

one infection invites other types of organisms

A

super infection

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5
Q

s’x include itching, pain, erythema, edema of EAC, pinna tenderness

A

otitis externa

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6
Q

topical treatment for otitis externa

A

polymyxin + neomycin + hydrocortisone
OR
Cipro + hydrocortisone

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7
Q

presence of fluid behind tympanic membrane and inflammation means

A

otitis media

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8
Q

first line of treatment for otitis media

A

Amoxicillin

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9
Q

if there is no response of infection to amoxicillin for otitis media, what do you do

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanate
(Augmentin)

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10
Q

complication of otitis media

A

mastoiditis

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11
Q

what 2 things can arise from mastoiditis

A
  1. brain abscess
  2. sinus thrombosis
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12
Q

2 pathogens that cause common cold

A

rhinovirus
coronavirus

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13
Q

starts as viral infection

A

common cold

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14
Q

patient experiences itchy throat and sneezing first

A

common cold

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15
Q

by day 2, patient experiences rhinorrhea, then later can experience cough

A

common cold

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16
Q

allergic rhinitis and acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are DDx for

A

common cold

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17
Q

first line treatment for acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

amoxicillin + clavulanate

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18
Q

if patient w/ acute bacterial rhinosinusitis has allergy to penicillin, what to treat them with

A

doxycycline

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19
Q

treatment for common cold

A

NONE

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20
Q

this drug is an M3 blocker (allows for bronchodilation)

A

Ipratropium

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21
Q

this drug is used to help patient breathe while they are having sx of rhinorrhea

A

Ipratropium

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22
Q

antihistamine used to help treat sx of rhinorrhea

A

chlorpheniramine

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23
Q

______ are ineffective to treat nasal congestion

A

antihistamines

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24
Q

alpha-1 adrenergic agonist such as ______ are used to treat nasal congestion

A

pseudoephedrine

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25
Q

cough reflex in a nut shell:

A

signal travels along phrenic to brain, then back down to diaphragm and abdomen to contract and produce cough

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26
Q

common component of cough drugs that is centrally active (acts at cough center in brain)

A

DEXTROMETHROPHAN

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27
Q

best prophylaxis you can do for common cold

A

hand-washing

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28
Q

treatment for pertussis

A

macrolides

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29
Q

treatment for diphtheria

A

penicillin and antitoxin

30
Q

infection of which air sinus is the most difficult to evaluate by physical exam

A

sphenoid sinus

31
Q

unilateral HA, swelling of eyes, purulent secretions from L middle turbinate, eye paralysis, neck stiffness; fever
labs: increase WBC in CSF and blood
(all signs of infection)

A

sphenoid sinusitis

32
Q

deals w/ unilateral retro-orbital pain and purulent drainage from nose

A

sphenoid sinus

33
Q

signs of this include proptosis (eye bulging), and chemosis (fluid coming from conjunctiva)

A

cavernous sinus septic thrombosis

34
Q

signs mainly include neck stiffness and facial/orbital cellulitis, abnormal eye movements

A

meningitis

35
Q

2 main causes of bacterial sinusitis

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenza

36
Q

complaints of nasal obstruction, facial/dental pain, and purulent discharge in the nose or posterior nasopharynx

A

bacterial sinusitis

37
Q

2 main causes of viral sinusitis (most common)

A

rhinovirus
influenza

38
Q

drug of choice for bacterial sinusitis

A

Amoxicillin

39
Q

drug to use if patient w/ sinusitis is allergic to penicillin

A

Fluoroquinolones

40
Q

patient w/ frontal, ethmoid, or sphenoid sinus infection require hospitalization and IV Ab’s including…

A

oxacillin + ceftriaxone + metronidazole

41
Q

most common cause of pharyngitis; 50% of all cases in children

A

S. pyogenes (Group A strep)

42
Q

if there is a cough, what infection will it NOT be

A

pharyngitis

43
Q

2 complications of pharyngitis include

A

peritonsillar abscess
pericarditis

44
Q

in cases of proven S. pyogenes for pharyngitis, treat with what

A

penicillin

45
Q

in cases of S. pyogenes for pharyngitis in patient who is allergic to penicillin, treat with what

A

cephalosporin or macrolides

46
Q

sequelae to strep infection

A

acute rheumatic fever

47
Q

primary agent that causes epiglottitis

A

H. influenza B

48
Q

sore throat, drooling, dysphagia, dyspnea, swollen epiglottis

A

epiglottitis

49
Q

to prevent epiglottitis

A

vaccinate against H. influenzae B

50
Q

to treat epiglottitis

A

ceftriaxone

51
Q

penicillin-allergic patients can tolerate this 3rd generation cephalosporin

A

Ceftriaxone

52
Q

super Ab for gram +

A

vancomycin

53
Q

treats TB

A

cycloserine

54
Q

SE of this drug causes “red-man” syndrome (massive release of histamine)

A

vancomycin

55
Q

2 drugs that disrupt cell membrane integrity

A

polymyxin nad daptomycin

56
Q

drug that forms channels in the cell membrane; operates in seconds (bactericidal)

A

daptomycin

57
Q

drug used if patient has vancomycin resistance

A

daptomycin

58
Q

most toxic class of Ab’s; inhibits DNA synthesis (replication)

A

fluoroquinolones

59
Q

inhibits DNA synthesis (transcription)

A

Rifampicin

60
Q

bactericidal for TB/leprosy (mycobacterium infections); SE- gives red-orange color to urine

A

Rifampicin

61
Q

binds to 30S reversibly; treats weird obligate intracellular pathogens

A

tetracycline (doxycycline)

62
Q

irreversibly binds 30S; bactericidal; primarily for gram -‘s

A

aminoglycosides

63
Q

SE of aminoglycosides

A

vestibulotoxicity
nephrotoxicity
neurotoxicity

64
Q

reversibly binds 50S; bacteriostatic

A

Macrolides

65
Q

this drug targets dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) and disrupts folic acid metabolism

A

sulfonamides

66
Q

this drug targets dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and disrupts folic acid metabolism

A

Trimethoprim

67
Q

these 2 drugs combine and form bactrim and it now bactericidal; used to treat UTI’s caused by E. coli

A

trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazone

68
Q

this pathogen lives on skin and has capsule

A

S. aureus

69
Q

this pathogen lives in large intestine and has capule

A

E. coli

70
Q

these 4 pathogens live in URT and have a capsule

A

S. pneumoniae and S. pyogenes
N. meningitis
H. influenzae

PII (10 decks)

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