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RUSVM Virology Exam 1 > Virus Replication > Flashcards

Virus Replication Flashcards

1
Q

What is a permissive cell?

A

A cell in which a virus is able to replicated

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2
Q

What is a non-permissive cell?

A

Cells in which a factor or factors needed for viral replication is not present or one detrimental to viral replication is present

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3
Q

What is the multiplicity of infection (MOI)?

A

Refers to number of virions that are added p/cell during infection

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4
Q

The eclipse period is after uncoating and before 1st appearance of what kind of virus particle?

A

Intracellular

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5
Q

The latent period is after uncoating and before 1st appearance of __________ new virus particle

A

Extracellular

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6
Q

What are the 4 components of the one-step virus curve growth?

A
  1. Adsorption
  2. Eclipse period
  3. Latent period
  4. Burst size
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7
Q

What is adsorption?

A

Virus attaches to and enters cells; titer of free virus in medium may actually decline

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8
Q

What is burst size?

A

Number of infectious virions released per average cell

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9
Q

What are the 6 steps in virus replication?

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating
  4. Synthesis of Viral components (Nucleic acid and protein)
  5. Assembly and maturation
  6. Release in large numbers
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10
Q

T/F: Virus attachment to receptor(s) on host cells is/are very specific, like lock-key

A

True

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11
Q

Attachment to host cell surface is mediated by what two interactions?

A

Interactions between virus and complimentary receptor on host cell surface

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12
Q

T/F: In some cases, attachment requires an additional cell surface molecule, or co-receptor

A

True

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13
Q

What are two ways non-enveloped/naked viruses penetrate and uncoat host cell?

A
  1. Receptor mediated endocytosis (common)

2. Pore mediated penetration

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14
Q

What are two ways enveloped viruses penetrate and uncoat host cell?

A
  1. Surface membrane fusion (pH independent fusion protein)

2. Receptor mediated endocytosis (pH dependent fusion protein)

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15
Q

With is another/uncommon mode of entry for viruses?

A

Antibody-mediated attachment and penetration

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16
Q

What is an example of receptor mediated endocytosis for non-enveloped viruses?

A

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis

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17
Q

For an enveloped virus, surface membrane fusion occurs directly on host cell surface and is facilitated by pH (independent or dependent?) fusion protein

A

Independent

18
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis for enveloped viruses, fusion protein requires (high or low?) pH to get activated and is thus pH (dependent or independent?).

A

Low pH

pH dependent

19
Q

What happens during virus uncoating?

A
  1. Release of viral genome in host cell

2. Virion can no longer be detected

20
Q

Once uncoating is done, virions have a loss of __________

A

infectivity

21
Q

What two functions does the parent virus have?

A
  1. Multiple copies for new viruses

2. Viral proteins for capsid and successful replication

22
Q

What is reverse transcriptase?

A

Used by retroviruses for conversion of viral RNA to cDNA during virus replication

23
Q

T/F: During processing of primary RNA transcript (pre-mRNA), the viral mRNA must conform to requirements of host cell translation system

A

True

24
Q

What are the 3 series of modifications, known as processing of primary RNA transcript (pre-mRNA)?

A
  1. Capping
  2. Addition of PolyA tail
  3. Splicing
25
Q

After processing of primary RNA transcript (pre-mRNA), mRNA is translated in the _________

A

Cytoplasm

26
Q

Capping is the addition of 7-methylguanosine to the ____ end of RNA

A

5’

27
Q

Addition of poly-adenylated tail is at the ______ end of RNA

A

3’

29
Q

RNA splicing is a process that removes __________ and joins ____________ in a primary transcript

A
  1. Introns

2. Extrons

30
Q

What are two types of viral mRNA?

A
  1. Monocistronic

2. Polycistronic

31
Q

Monocistronic viral mRNA encode how many polypeptides?

A

One

32
Q

Polycistronic encode how many polypeptides?

A

Several

33
Q

T/F: Assembly and maturation of virus genome and proteins into new virions follow any order

A

False, follow a specific order

34
Q

Assembly and maturation may take place in what 3 cellular locations?

A
  1. Nucleus
  2. Cytoplasm
  3. Plasma/cell membrane (most enveloped viruses
35
Q

How do naked virions release progeny virions?

A

Lysis of host cell

36
Q

How do enveloped virions release progeny virions?

A

Budding

37
Q

Why can’t naked virions exit host cell via budding?

A

Lack envelope

38
Q

Viruses that acquire envelope while budding from ER, Golgi apparatus or nucleus membrane leave infected host cell by _______________

A

Exocytosis

39
Q

What are two ways retroviruses replicate?

A
  1. Reverse transcriptase (RNA to DNA)

2. Integrase (integrate viral DNA into host genome)

40
Q

What are the two ways viruses acquire lipid envelope?

A
  1. Host cell

2. Budding

41
Q

What are 3 ways of cell-to-cell spread of viruses?

A
  1. Extracellular spread
  2. Intracellular spread
  3. Nuclear spread of virus genome
42
Q

What 3 things result from intracellular spread of viruses?

A
  1. Rapid virus dissemination
  2. Evasion of immune system
  3. Persistent infections
43
Q

T/F: An exon codes for amino acids and an intron does not code for amino acids

A

True

RUSVM Virology Exam 1 (12 decks)

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