Cultivation of Viruses Flashcards
T/F: Outside the host, viruses are inert/dormant
True
Do viruses have the genetic capability to multiply by division?
No
What do viruses need to replicate and generate the next progeny of viruses?
Living host cell
What are the 3 possible ways to grow/culture viruses?
- Cell/tissue culture
- Inoculation in embryonated egg
- Laboratory animals
What is the culture that has cells attached to the plate surface?
Monolayer cultures
What is a primary cell culture?
Maintenance of growth of cells dissociated directly from parental tissue of human or animal origin
What are two advantages of primary cell culture?
- Best culture system for isolation and propagation of viruses
- Used to produce viral vaccines
What is a subculture?
Transfer of cells from one culture vessel to another culture vessel
Why would a subculture be needed?
To provide fresh nutrients and growing space for continuously growing cell lines
What two categories are cell lines placed into?
- Finite/diploid cell lines
2. Continuous cell lines
Finite/diploid cell lines have a _______ life span
Limited
Where are finite/diploid cell lines derived from?
Mainly from embryos; or from secondary cell cultures
T/F: Finite/diploid cell lines can be used for vaccines
True
Where are continuous cell lines derived from?
Directly from cancer cells
T/F: Continuous cell lines are used in vaccine production
False; FDA prohibits their use in vaccine production
What 3 morphology categories are cells in culture divided into?
- Fibroblastic
- Epithelial-like
- Lymphoblast-like
Is culture medium important for viral growth?
Yes
What kind of serum is needed for growth & maintenance of cells, help in cell adhesion, regulation of cell membrane permeability, and provides nutrients?
Fetal bovine serum, FBS
What is the importance of Phenol red pH indicator?
Indicates change in pH (decrease) by changing color of medium from red to orange or yellow
In order to maintain medium pH, what kind of CO2 is needed when using buffered w/CO2-bicarb based buffer
Exogenous CO2
Why are antimicrobial agents important?
Prevent contamination with bacteria, mycoplasma, yeast, molds, etc.
What is trypsin?
Proteolytic enzyme used to detach & dissociate cells while subculturing
What is the cytopathic effect/cytopathogenic effect? (CPE)
Refers to damage or morphological changes to host cells during virus invasion
What are the 4 routes of egg inoculation?
- Yolk sac
- Allantoic cavity
- Amniotic cavity
- Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM)
What are 3 types of evidence for virus growth?
- Death of embryo
- Paralysis (sluggish movement)
- Stunted growth
How are pocks formed on chorioallantoic membrane?
By vaccinia virus
