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RUSVM Virology Exam 1 > Structure & Chemical Composition of Viruses > Flashcards

Structure & Chemical Composition of Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the smallest virus?

A

Porcine circovirus type 1

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2
Q

What is the largest virus?

A

Poxvirus

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3
Q

What shape is the ebola virus?

A

Filament-shaped

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4
Q

What shape is the rabies virus?

A

Bullet-shaped

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5
Q

What shape is the bacteriophage?

A

Tadpole-shaped

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6
Q

What shape is the tobacco mosaic virus?

A

Rod-shaped

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7
Q

What shape is the poxvirus?

A

Brick-shaped

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8
Q

What shape is the rotavirus?

A

Spherical

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9
Q

What is pleomorphism?

A

Ability of some viruses to alter their shape or size?

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10
Q

What are 4 common methods to determine the morphology of viruses?

A
  1. Electron microscopy (EM)
  2. Cyro-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM)
  3. X-ray crystallographic method
  4. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
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11
Q

What are 4 important characteristics of virus morphology?

A
  1. DNA or RNA genes
  2. Capsid
  3. Envelope, a bubble of fat
  4. Molecules of protein
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12
Q

What is a capsid?

A

Protein shell of a virus that encases/envelopes viral nucleic acid or genome

Basic subunit protein in virus capsid

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13
Q

What is a capsid made of?

A

Capsomeres

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14
Q

Most viruses have one capsid, except?

A

Reoviruses

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15
Q

What makes up a nucleocapsid?

A

Capsid + Virus Nucleic acid/Genome

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16
Q

In all animal viruses, the helical nucleocapsid is enclosed with what kind of envelope?

A

Lipoprotein envelope

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17
Q

What kind of nucleocapsid does a plant virus have?

A

Naked helical nucleocapsid

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18
Q

What two types of capsomeres are present in a icosahedral capsid?

A
  1. Pentagonal capsomeres (pentons)/(always 12 pentons

2. Hexagonal capsomeres (hexons)

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19
Q

What is the triangulation number (T-number)

A

T = h2 + h * k + k2

Relationship between penton (constant) and Hexon (variable)

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20
Q

What are two types of icosahedrals?

A
  1. Naked

2. Enveloped

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21
Q

What is the simplest icosahedron? (T=1)

A

Parvovirus (capsid consists of 60 copies of CP protein)

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22
Q

What kind of Icosahedral symmetry does Reoviridae have?

A

Outer capsid has T=13, inner capsid has T=2

23
Q

What kind of symmetry does poxvirus have?

A

Complex symmetry

24
Q

T/F: A viral capsid is responsible for structural symmetry of virus particle

A

True

25
Q

What is the importance of receptor attachment proteins on viral capsid?

A

Facilitate the attachment of virus to specific receptors on susceptible host cells

26
Q

The viral capsid interacts with host cell membrane to form the ___________

A

Envelope

27
Q

What is responsible of uncoating the genome in host cell?

A

The viral capsid

28
Q

The viral capsid transports the which genome to the appropriate site

A

Viral genome

29
Q

The viral capsid facilitates __________ of nucleic acid genome

A

Packaging

30
Q

The viral capsid contains antigenic sites that determine the __________ of the virus

A

Antigenicity

31
Q

What is the envelope of an enveloped virus made of?

A

Lipid bilayer with embedded proteins

32
Q

How does a virus acquire the envelope?

A

Via budding of viral nucleocapsid through a cellular membrane such as cytoplasmic membrane, golgi membrane or nucleus membrane

33
Q

What are the two proteins primarily found in virus envelope?

A
  1. Glycoprotein

2. Matrix protein

34
Q

What are the two types of glycoproteins in virus envelope?

A
  1. External glycoprotein

2. Channel proteins

35
Q

The external glycoproteins are the major (Antigens or antibodies?) of the virus

A

Antigens

36
Q

What are the functions of external glycoproteins?

A

Hemagglutination, receptor binding, antigenicity, and membrane fusion

37
Q

What are channel proteins?

A

Mostly hydrophobic proteins that form a protein lined channel

38
Q

What is an important virus envelope glycoprotein?

A

Fusion (F)

39
Q

What are the important functions of a virus envelope matrix protein?

A
  1. Role in virus assembly
  2. Stabilization of lipid envelope
  3. Recognition site of nucleocapsid
  4. Mediates encapsidation of RNA-nucleoprotein cores in to membrane envelope
40
Q

How is the lipid bi-layer in virus envelope acquired?

A

Acquired from a cellular membrane of host cell, such as nuclear membrane, ER membrane, etc.

41
Q

How is the lipid bi-layer in virus envelope maintained?

A

In aqueous or moist environment

42
Q

T/F: Enveloped viruses are easier to sterilize than non-enveloped viruses and cannot survive for longer periods in environment

A

True

43
Q

Where is the matrix protein located?

A

Between capsid and envelope

44
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Change in antigenicity of virus due to genetic drift

45
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Recombination

Exchange of nucleotide sequences between different, but usually closely related viruses during replication

46
Q

What is the most important mechanism for high genetic diversity in viruses with segmented genomes?

A

Reassortment (antigenic shift)

47
Q

What are 4 important viral enzymes critical to viral infection?

A
  1. Lysins
  2. Retroviral integrase (IN)
  3. Reverse transcriptase (RT)
  4. Nucleic acid polymerases
48
Q

What 3 different roles do viral nonstructural proteins do?

A
  1. Play role within infected cell during virus replication
  2. Act in regulation of virus replication
  3. Act in regulation of virus assembly
49
Q

T/F: Nonstructural proteins are seen in extracellular virions

A

False

50
Q

Incomplete virions are virions without _______ ______

A

Nucleic acid (empty capsid)

51
Q

What is a defective virion?

A

Lacks full complement/copy of viral genes, resulted from mutations or errors

52
Q

What is a pseudovirion?

A

Contains non-viral genome within viral capsid

53
Q

What are pseudotypes?

A

When related virus infect same cell, the genome of one virus may be enclosed in heterologous capsid of second virus

RUSVM Virology Exam 1 (12 decks)

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