Virus Pathogenesis

Question 1

What are a viruses 3 pathogenic mechanisms?

Answer 1

Cell destruction
Virus induced changes to cellular gene expression
Immunopathogenic diease

Question 2

Give examples of sites of viral entry into the body

Answer 2

Respiratory tract 
Alimentary tract
Urinogenital tract
Skin 
Capillary 
Conjuctiva

Question 3

What is an acute virus infection?

Answer 3

One that comes then goes away

Question 4

What is a latent virus infection?

Answer 4

One that comes and stays latent able to strike again symptoms come in intervals

Question 5

What is a chronic virus infection?

Answer 5

One that comes and never goes - symptoms are ongoing

Question 6

Give an example of an acute viral infection?

Answer 6

Influenza virus - respiratory infection

Enterovirus - enteric and neurological infections

Question 7

How far do acute virus infections spread in the body?

Answer 7

Not very far

Localised to specific site on the body

Question 8

What cells does the virus influenza infect?

Answer 8

Cells of the respiratory

Question 9

What is a cytokine storm?

Answer 9

When the immune system has such an over reactive response to the pathogen that it releases loads of cytokines

Question 10

Is destruction of respiratory epithelium a primary or secondary bacterial infection?

Answer 10

Secondary

Question 11

Influenza changes strain slightly every year what is this known as?

Answer 11

Antigenic variation

Question 12

If there is a significant change in the viruses antigenic structure what is this known as?

Answer 12

Antigenic shift

Question 13

What is a enterovirus?

Answer 13

Type of virus

Question 14

What virus causes poliomyelitis/

Answer 14

Poliovirus

Question 15

What virus causes pancreatitis and myocarditis?

Answer 15

Coxsackie B virus

Question 16

What virus causes respiratory infections?

Answer 16

Many viruses

Question 17

Give an example of a latent virus/

Answer 17

Herpes simplex virus

Question 18

What does type 1 herpes virus cause?

Answer 18

Cold sores

Question 19

What does type 2 herpes virus cause?

Answer 19

Genital lesions

Question 20

In the period between infections in latent viruses are symptoms experienced?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Where does the latent herpes virus remain?

Answer 21

In the nucleus of the ganglia

Question 22

Broadly what reactivates the latent virus?

Answer 22

Stimulus

Question 23

After the reactivation of the latent herpes virus where does it head to?

Answer 23

Epithelial cells

Question 24

What can the papilloma virus lead to?

Answer 24

Cervical carcinoma

Question 25

What is a tumour caused by a virus known as?

Answer 25

Virus-induced tumour

Question 26

What tumours can a retrovirus induce?

Answer 26

Lymphomas and Leukaemias

Question 27

Does a retrovirus contain RNA or DNA?

Answer 27

RNA

Question 28

What happens to the RNA in a retrovirus?

Answer 28

It enters and integrates into the hosts cell DNA

Question 29

When a viruses DNA enters the hosts cells genome what does this cause?

Answer 29

Changes in cellular gene expression

Question 30

What enzyme converts the RNA into DNA in the hosts genome?

Answer 30

Reverse transcriptase

Question 31

Can Retroviruses induce tumours?

Answer 31

Yes

Retrovirus induced tumours