Immunity

Question 1

Is innate immunity specific or non- specific?

Answer 1

Non- specific

Question 2

What do the first line of defences in immunity include?

Answer 2

Physical barriers such as skin

Mucous barriers in linings of membranes

Question 3

What cell matures into macrophages?

Answer 3

Monocytes

Question 4

Phagocytotic cells carry out what?

Answer 4

Phagocytosis

Question 5

What are the 3 polymorphs?

Answer 5

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 6

Are lymphocytes phagoctyotic?

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

What are the 2 different basic types of lymphocytes?

Answer 7

T cells

B cells

Question 8

Where do T cells mature?

Answer 8

Thymus

Question 9

Describe phagocytosis

Answer 9

Organisms engulfed
Held in phagosome
Fusion of phagosome with lysosome (full of digestive enzymes)
Intracellular killing of pathogen

Question 10

Are capsulated organisms resistant to phagocytosis?

Answer 10

Yes

Question 11

What does the spleen filter?

Answer 11

Blood

Question 12

What it the process of opsonisation?

Answer 12

The process of identifying the invading particle to the phagocytes

Question 13

What can the organism be coated with to ensure better opsonisation?

Answer 13

Antibody or complement

Question 14

Is acquired immunity specific or non-specific?

Answer 14

Specific

Question 15

In acquired immunity what is formed for the long term?

Answer 15

An immunological memory

Question 16

Which part of the antigen does the lymphocytes recognise as foreign?

Answer 16

Epitopes

Question 17

Each antigen is usually a mixture of what?

Answer 17

Epitopes

Question 18

Each organism is a complex mixture of what?

Answer 18

Antigens

Question 19

What are the proteins with antibody activity?

Answer 19

Immunoglobulins

Question 20

How many classes of immunoglobulins are there?

Answer 20

5

Question 21

What is the primary response immunoglobulin?

Answer 21

IgM

Question 22

What is the secondary response immunoglobulin?

Answer 22

IgG

Question 23

What immunoglobulin is involved with mucosal immunity?

Answer 23

IgA

Question 24

Which immunoglobulin is involved with allergy?

Answer 24

IgE

Question 25

B lymphocytes differentiate into what when they recognise a specific epitope/

Answer 25

Plasma Cells

Question 26

Who do B cells require help from?

Answer 26

T Cells

Question 27

What is the name for helper T cells?

Answer 27

CD4 - T cells

Question 28

What is a monoclonal antibody?

Answer 28

Has specificity for a single epitope

Question 29

What is polyclonal antibody?

Answer 29

Has multiple specificity for epitopes

Question 30

How many complement proteins are there?

Answer 30

Cascade of roughly 20

Question 31

What trigger the cascade of complement reactions?

Answer 31

combination of the antibody (IgG or IgM only) and their specific antigen

Question 32

Give some outcomes of antibodies fighting infection

Answer 32

Neutralisation
Preventing adherence of micro-organisms
Opsonises organisms - meaning they are more easily found and phagocytosed

Question 33

What present antigens to T cells?

Answer 33

Macrophages (antigen presenting cells)

Question 34

What signalling molecules are produced in cell mediated immunity?

Answer 34

Cytokines

Question 35

Are CD4 helper or cytotoxic cells?

Answer 35

Helper

Question 36

What are the 2 kinds of CD4 helper cells?

Answer 36

Th1 and Th2

Question 37

What do Th1 T helper cells do?

Answer 37

Involved in cell mediated immunity

Activate macrophages to ingest and kill pathogen

Question 38

What do Th2 T helper cells do?

Answer 38

Control B cell Antibody response

Question 39

What are CD8 cells?

Answer 39

Suppressor and cytotoxic cells

Question 40

What do CD8 cells do?

Answer 40

Kill infected host cells or foreign cells

Question 41

Host pathogen interaction is a balance of what?

Answer 41

The hosts defence and the organisms pathogenicity