virtual microscope Flashcards
what tumour is the most common benign epithelial tumour found in the oral cavity? they are often pedunculatede (on a stalk) and are associated with HPV (low risk subtypes 6 and 11)
squamous cell papilloma
what is this an image of?
squamous cell papilloma
what is this zoomed in structure on a squamous cell papilloma ?
finger like (papillary) projections of hyperplastic reticulum
what does hyperplastic mean?
increased number of cells within a tissue or organ
what does the point c show on squamous cell papilloma
hyperkeratosis of epithelium
what is this structure in the middle of a papillary projection of hyperplastic reticulum from a squamous cell papilloma?
fibrovascular tissue forming core of finger like papillary projections
what structure on this squamous cell papilloma is labelled a
stalk
what do you understand about HPV and oral disease?
HPV is linked to benign papilloma’s, targets mucosa -> basal cells to divide
1% of HPV goes on to become malignant
Low risk HPV associated with oral squamous cell papilloma
High risk HPV associated with oropharyngeal cancers
what is this an image of?
mild dysplasia
what is epithelial dysplasia?
atypical epithelial alterations limited to the surface squamous epithelium
is epithelial dysplasia a malignant process?
no it is premalignant
what does this image of mild epithelial dysplasia show?
junction between dysplastic (left) and normal (right) epithelium
mild epithelial dysplasia
what is labeled?
hyperkeratosis of epithelium
define hyperkeratosis of epithelium
lots of keratin
mild epithelial dysplasia
what is labeled b?
basal cell hyperplasia
define basal cell hyperplasia
increase in the number of basal cells
mild epithelial dysplasia
describe this cell
mitotic figure
define mitotic figure
undergoing mitosis
mild epithelial dysplasia
what does this cell show?
nuclear pleomorphism
define nuclear pleomorphism
variation in size and shape of nucleus
mild epithelial dysplasia
what does this cell show?
prominent nucleoli
define ulceration
area where the surface epithelium has been lost
severe epithelial dysplasia
what does label c show?
junction between normal (below) and dysplastic (above) epithelium
severe epithelial dysplasia
what is all this pink stuff?
hyperkeratosis of epithelium
severe epithelial dysplasia
describe the cell labeled
mitotic figure
severe epithelial dysplasia
describe the cells and nuclei in the image
nuclear and cellular pleomorphism
define cellular pleomorphism
differing size and shape of cells
severe epithelial dysplasia
describe these cells labeled
nuclear hyperchromatism
define nuclear hyperchromatism
DNA absorbs more eosin so chromosomes appear darker
sever epithelial dysplasia
describe the cell labeled
dyskeratotic cell
define dyskeratotic cells
keratin in cells -> pink cells
sever epithelial dysplasia
what does this image show?
an ulcer
what does this image show?
squamous cell carcinoma
how does squamous cell carcinoma differ from epithelial dysplasia?
in squamous cell carcinoma the atypical squamous invade the adjacent normal tissue
squamous cell carcinoma
what does this image show?
atypical squamous epithelium invading underlying connective tissue
squamous cell carcinoma
what is labeled?
atypical squamous epithelium infiltrating skeletal muscle
squamous cell carcinoma
what do these darker and smaller cells represent?
inflammatory reaction to invasive squamous cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
what does the label show?
dyskeratotic cells and keratin pearl within atypical squamous epithelium
squamous cell carcinoma is graded based on what?
how well differentiated it is
what are the grades for squamous cell carcinoma?
poorly differentiated
moderately differentiated
well differentiated
what does the squamous cell carcinoma grade poorly differentiated mean?
doesnt look like squamous epithelium
worse prognosis
what does the squamous cell carcinoma grade well differentiated mean?
looks like squamous epithelium
better prognosis
