Stromal cancer Flashcards
what is the extracellular matrix?
complex network of polysaccharides and proteins secreted by cells.
what are the functions of the extracellular matrix?
Support cells
Regulates cell polarity, division, adhesion (of epithelial cells), motility (reduced motility due to adhesion)
During development affects migration and differentiation
Gives a reservoir of growth factors ->
Growth factors can bind to ECM and release when needed
name 3 cells of the stroma
fibroblasts
endothelial cells
inflammatory cells
Normal fibroblasts respond to growth factors in a ?
Tumour fibroblasts are similar to ??
specific way
foetal fibroblasts
what is the function of endothelial cells?
lining vessels and allowing nutrients in and waste out
what is a proto-oncogene?
a gene that could cause a cancer
certain neoplasms never form a tumour, why is this? hypothesis?
their environment is not conducive of growth
soil and seed hypothesis
what is the predominant cell type in tumour stroma?
Cancer-associated fibroblasts
what is the main function of cancer-associated fibroblasts?
provide a favourable microenvironment for the tumour cell growth and proliferation
cancer associated fibroblasts modulate the microenvironment by secretion of ? and ?? and other ???
autocrine
paracrine cytokines
tumour promoting factors
tumour growth
Breaks down the ?? and interacts with the ? underneath
Stimulate growth factors ? and ? by tumour associated ?
Cancer associated fibroblasts make more ?
?? brought upwards and tumour cells can ? to other places in the body
? -> inflammatory cytokines which will bring in more pro-inflammatory cells
To migrate through the stroma into the blood vessels epithelial cells have to ??, this is called ????
basal membrane
stroma
FGF
VEGF
macrophages
matrix
blood vessels
metastasise
interleukins
change shape
EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition
what are the 2 different ways tumours can metastasise round the body?
blood stream
lymphatic vessels
