Virology

Question 0

Routes of infection in pregnancy

Answer 0

Intrauterine (transplacental/ ascending after PROM)
Intrapartum
Neonatal/ post partum

Question 1

Why infections common in pregnancy?

Answer 1

Poor CMI

Hyper metabolic state.

Question 2

Symptoms of rubella infection

Answer 2

LARF

LN, arthritis, rash and fever

Question 3

When does rubella infection of fetus occur

Answer 3

First trimester

Question 4

Why is rubella so teratogenic

Answer 4

Low pathogenicity = doesn’t kill fetus outright.

Interferes with specific organogenesis (ESP organ of corti)

Question 5

Vaccine for rubella

Answer 5

Live attenuated

Question 6

Specific abnormalities of newborn with rubella

Answer 6

Neuro sensory deafness, cataracts, microphthalmia, Microcephaly, mental retardation
PDA, late type 1 diabetes

Question 7

Pathogenesis of parvovirus in fetus

Answer 7

Resp droplet spread. Replicates in RBC precursors. Transient RBC synthesis arrest. Aplastic crisis. (Fine for healthy not for HIV, B cell defs, blood cancers)
Fetal anaemia and cardiac failure > hydrops fetalis

Question 8

Symptoms of parvovirus

Answer 8

BARF

Blood complications, arthritis, rash, fever

Question 9

When is HIV most likely to be given to baby

Answer 9

Intrapartum

Question 10

Why is congenital infection diagnosis so NB

Answer 10

Determine risk
Offer termination (eg Rubella)
Give intervention (eg blood transfusion in parvovirus)

Question 11

Modes of congenital infection prevention

Answer 11

1. Screening
2. Avoid exposure
3. C/S at delivery
4. Vaccines/ Igs

Question 12

Rx for syphilis

Answer 12

Benzathene penicillin

Question 13

Rx for neonatal herpes/VZV

Answer 13

Acyclovir

Question 14

Specific feature of toxoplasma infection in newborn

Answer 14

Chorioretinitis
Cerebral calcifications
Seizures

Question 15

What causes ophthalmia neonatarum

Answer 15

Gonococcus

Chlamydia

Question 16

Rx HSV 1/2

Answer 16

Acyclovir

Question 17

Primary infections in HSV

Answer 17

Gongivostomatitis
Eczema herpeticum
Herpetic whitlow
Conjunctivitis, keratitis
Genital herpes

Question 18

Reactivation of HSV

Answer 18

Cold sores
Recurrent genital herpes
Keratitis
Aseptic meningitis

Question 19

Rare life threatening syndromes in HSV

Answer 19

Acute necrotising encephalitis
Neonatal infection ( cutaneous, general, encephalitis)
Disseminated HSV

Question 20

Who get VZV vaccine

Answer 20

Children >1year

<72hrs post exposure

Question 21

Who gets post exposure zoster immunoglobulin

Answer 21

Immunocomprimsed
<6months
Pregnant woman

Question 22

Complications in varicella infection

Answer 22

Stroke (most common cause in kids)
Secondary infection of skin lesions
Post infectious encephalomyelitis 
Pneumonia
Haemorrhagic varicella
Congenital varicella syndrome

Question 23

Complications of zoster infection

Answer 23

Post herpeticum neuralgia

Ramsay hunt syndrome (trigeminal branch, unilateral facial palsy, ear pain, vesicles on external ear)

Question 24

Rx of CMV

Answer 24

Gancyclovir in severe immunocomprimsed pts

Question 25

Clinical features of CMV infection of neonate

Answer 25

Generalized infection (cytomegalic inclusion disease) Deafness, MR, jaundice, HSM, Microcephaly, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia Owl eye inclusions

Question 26

Pathogenesis of EBV infection

Answer 26

Primary infection -> latency in B lymphocytes (or epithelium) -> reactivation

Question 27

Testing for EBV

Answer 27

Monospot heterophile Ab agglutination | Viral capsid and nuclear Ag tests

Question 28

Clinical manifestations of EBV

Answer 28

Infectious mononucleosis Burkitt's and nonburkitt's Nasopharyngeal Ca Hairy leukoplakia

Question 29

Clinical manifestations of HHV 6/7

Answer 29

``` Rosoela infantum Infectious mononucleosis like illness Immunocomprimsed : Interstitial pnumonitis Encephalitis ```

Question 30

Clinical manifestations of HHV 8

Answer 30

Karposis sarcoma Primary effusion lymphomas Multi centric castleman's disease

Question 31

Clinical manifestations of HPV infection

Answer 31

``` Cutaneous warts (1,2,3,4,5,8) Mucosal warts (6,11) [laryngeal papilloma] Cervical cancer (16,18,31,33,45) Epidermodysplasia verruiformis ```

Question 32

Rx of Hep B

Answer 32

Interferons | Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 33

Cancer associated with Hep B

Answer 33

HCC Fish factors [early exposure, cocarvinogens - Fe overload, alcohol, aflatoxins]

Question 34

Cancer associated with HTLV1

Answer 34

T cell leukaemia/lymphoma

Question 35

Viral cause of skin cancer

Answer 35

Merkel cell polyomavirus