Virology Flashcards
Routes of infection in pregnancy
Intrauterine (transplacental/ ascending after PROM)
Intrapartum
Neonatal/ post partum
Why infections common in pregnancy?
Poor CMI
Hyper metabolic state.
Symptoms of rubella infection
LARF
LN, arthritis, rash and fever
When does rubella infection of fetus occur
First trimester
Why is rubella so teratogenic
Low pathogenicity = doesn’t kill fetus outright.
Interferes with specific organogenesis (ESP organ of corti)
Vaccine for rubella
Live attenuated
Specific abnormalities of newborn with rubella
Neuro sensory deafness, cataracts, microphthalmia, Microcephaly, mental retardation
PDA, late type 1 diabetes
Pathogenesis of parvovirus in fetus
Resp droplet spread. Replicates in RBC precursors. Transient RBC synthesis arrest. Aplastic crisis. (Fine for healthy not for HIV, B cell defs, blood cancers)
Fetal anaemia and cardiac failure > hydrops fetalis
Symptoms of parvovirus
BARF
Blood complications, arthritis, rash, fever
When is HIV most likely to be given to baby
Intrapartum
Why is congenital infection diagnosis so NB
Determine risk Offer termination (eg Rubella) Give intervention (eg blood transfusion in parvovirus)
Modes of congenital infection prevention
- Screening
- Avoid exposure
- C/S at delivery
- Vaccines/ Igs
Rx for syphilis
Benzathene penicillin
Rx for neonatal herpes/VZV
Acyclovir
Specific feature of toxoplasma infection in newborn
Chorioretinitis
Cerebral calcifications
Seizures
What causes ophthalmia neonatarum
Gonococcus
Chlamydia
Rx HSV 1/2
Acyclovir
Primary infections in HSV
Gongivostomatitis Eczema herpeticum Herpetic whitlow Conjunctivitis, keratitis Genital herpes
Reactivation of HSV
Cold sores
Recurrent genital herpes
Keratitis
Aseptic meningitis
Rare life threatening syndromes in HSV
Acute necrotising encephalitis
Neonatal infection ( cutaneous, general, encephalitis)
Disseminated HSV
Who get VZV vaccine
Children >1year
<72hrs post exposure
Who gets post exposure zoster immunoglobulin
Immunocomprimsed
<6months
Pregnant woman
Complications in varicella infection
Stroke (most common cause in kids) Secondary infection of skin lesions Post infectious encephalomyelitis Pneumonia Haemorrhagic varicella Congenital varicella syndrome
Complications of zoster infection
Post herpeticum neuralgia
Ramsay hunt syndrome (trigeminal branch, unilateral facial palsy, ear pain, vesicles on external ear)
Rx of CMV
Gancyclovir in severe immunocomprimsed pts
Clinical features of CMV infection of neonate
Generalized infection (cytomegalic inclusion disease)
Deafness, MR, jaundice, HSM, Microcephaly, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia
Owl eye inclusions
Pathogenesis of EBV infection
Primary infection -> latency in B lymphocytes (or epithelium) -> reactivation
Testing for EBV
Monospot heterophile Ab agglutination
Viral capsid and nuclear Ag tests
Clinical manifestations of EBV
Infectious mononucleosis
Burkitt’s and nonburkitt’s
Nasopharyngeal Ca
Hairy leukoplakia
Clinical manifestations of HHV 6/7
Rosoela infantum Infectious mononucleosis like illness Immunocomprimsed : Interstitial pnumonitis Encephalitis
Clinical manifestations of HHV 8
Karposis sarcoma
Primary effusion lymphomas
Multi centric castleman’s disease
Clinical manifestations of HPV infection
Cutaneous warts (1,2,3,4,5,8) Mucosal warts (6,11) [laryngeal papilloma] Cervical cancer (16,18,31,33,45) Epidermodysplasia verruiformis
Rx of Hep B
Interferons
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Cancer associated with Hep B
HCC
Fish factors [early exposure, cocarvinogens - Fe overload, alcohol, aflatoxins]
Cancer associated with HTLV1
T cell leukaemia/lymphoma
Viral cause of skin cancer
Merkel cell polyomavirus
