Anatomical Pathology - Diabetes And Pancreas

Question 0

Three categories of chronic diabetic complications

Answer 0

Microvascular
Macrovascular
Neuropathy

Question 1

Acute complications of diabetes

Answer 1

Coma
Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia (iatrogenic)

Question 2

Mechanisms of chronic diabetic complications

Answer 2

1. Advanced glycosylated end products
2. Activation of protein kinase C
3. Sorbitol and fructose
4. Excess o2 free radicals

Question 3

Pathogenesis of micro vascular complications in diabetes

Answer 3

Thickening of BM

Question 4

Mechanism of diabetic foot ulcer

Answer 4

Poor blood flow to nerve - neuropathy
Macroangiopathy
Microangiopathy - thick BM
Small traumas not felt -> ulcers
Poor healing

Question 5

Why poor healing in diabetes

Answer 5

1. Raised glucose helps infection
2. Microangiopathy = poor acute inflam
3. Low glucose in polymorphs = poor intracellular killing
4. Angiopathy = poor blood flow to region
5. Neuropathy = persistent injury

Question 6

Chronic complications of diabetes

Answer 6

Nephropathy
Accelerated atherosclerosis 
MI
Diabetic foot
Infection
Neuropathy
? stroke