Virology 1.4

Question 1

+ strand RNA viruses

Answer 1

replicate in cytoplasm*
make protein from their genome
make both + and - strands but since it gets more - strands it has to retranscribe it. decides to use it for more virus or protein inside the replication compartment.
cleaved into different proteins from one.

LOOK AT PICTURE slide 1.

Question 2

• strand ssRNA viruses

Answer 2

replicates in nucleus* this allows for splicing
needs to bring in its own pol
antigenote is used for translation and as a template
antigenome coated to prevent translation when used as a template

Slide 2

Question 3

retrovirus replication

Answer 3

viral reverse transcriptase take RNA to DNA, then to a dsDNA strand, it integrates into genome!!!

HIV integrates into CD4 cells

Question 4

where are capsids assembled?

Answer 4

nucelus and cyto

with scaffolding, fuses with membrane, makes capsule, then spits it out.

Question 5

viral terminase

Answer 5

cleaves the DNA and allows capsid to be sealed.

Question 6

Egress

Answer 6

the process by which the virus exits infected cell.

enveloped with a double biller fused with cell membrane.
some viruses cause lysis

vesicles without DNA look empty

Question 7

influenza drugs

Answer 7

amantadine- blocks M2 and prevents ion channel mediated breakdown of lipid envelope

Neuraminidase inhibitors- block cleavage of silica acid necessary to release virus from cell surface

Question 8

Acyclovir

Answer 8

binds preferentially to viral DNA pol, causes chain termination!!

Question 9

antiherpes drugs

Answer 9

Ganciclovir is selectivelly phosphorylated by CMV kinase

Cidofovir is phosphorylated by cellular kinase but selectivelly binds viral polymerases

Foscarnet is more selective towards viral pol but has some cellular toxicity

selectivity for viral DNA polymerase, and kinase.

Question 10

Letermovir

Answer 10

a new terminase inhibitor that prevents cleavage of CMV DNA and sealing of the capsid.

CLINICAL TESTING

Question 11

Ribavirin

Answer 11

inhibits viral RNA pol
Inhibits IMPDH (needed for nucleotid synth)
causes mutations in RNA

Question 12

Hep C drugs

Answer 12

Viral RNA pol inhibitor
work on all genotypes of HCV as the pol is highly conserved.

NON TOXIC

Question 13

burkitt’s lymphoma

Answer 13

responsive to chemo

Question 14

EBV tumorigenesis

Answer 14

latent gene proteins drive infected cell proliferation.

viral oncogenesis- through activating proliferative signals.

Question 15

KSHV

Answer 15

kaposi’s sarcoma is caused by it

• a new way to cause cancer-
• makes a lot of cytokines, and secretes them into surrounding cells.

can be reversed with antiretroviral drugs

Question 16

Whats the scariest virus?

Answer 16

Smallpox- deadlier than ebola. because its much more contagious.

75% mortality

spread through respiratory