Pathology 1.2

Question 1

inflammation

Answer 1

acute- neutrophils, vessels, mast cells
chronic- begins 1 day later. lymphos, macros, plasma cells
granulomatous- variant of chronic,

Question 2

5 signs of inflamation

Answer 2

Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor, loss of function

Question 3

leaky small vessels

Answer 3

redness, swelling, loval warmth

Question 4

pus

Answer 4

lots of inflammatory cells,

Question 5

fever

Answer 5

37.2 - 37.7 degrees celcius.

PgE2 chanfes temp regulation in hypothalamus.

serious tissue damage at 104-106 fahrenheit

“SELL at 106”

Question 6

vessel’s role in inflammation

Answer 6

small vessels develop endothelial retraction and pinocytosis

plasma leaks out

forms exudate- clotting factors.

DDx - transudate from hemodynamic problems.

recruit inflammatory cells to site.

Question 7

leukocytosis with neutrophilia

Answer 7

acute inflammation, bacterial infection
depleted PMNs,
left shift

Question 8

leukocytocis with lymphocytocis

Answer 8

chronic inflamation, viral infection

Question 9

Eosinophilia

Answer 9

parasitic infection, autoimmune, asthma/allergic, tumors

Question 10

thrombocytosis

Answer 10

thrombocytopenia

Question 11

laboratory signs of infection

Answer 11

increased sedimentation rate.
due to increased fibrinogen.

non-specific.

Question 12

fibrinogen

Answer 12

acute phase protein

Question 13

CRP

Answer 13

c-reactive protein
becomes abnormal after fast sedimentation rate
can increase by 1000 fold
mild increases can indicate atherosclerotic changes

Question 14

procalcitonin

Answer 14

largely specific for bac infection

Question 15

SAA

Answer 15

serum amyloid A prtein

Question 16

Ceruloplasminin

Answer 16

copper binding protein

Question 17

troponin

Answer 17

myocardial samage, as an infarct

Question 18

transaminases

Answer 18

AST, ALT- liver injury

Question 19

alkaline phsophatase

Answer 19

liver biliary obstructive injury.

Question 20

CPK

Answer 20

creatine phsophokinase, muscle injury

Question 21

amylase and lipase

Answer 21

pancreatitis

Question 22

vascular changes in inflamation

Question 23

cells in acute inflammation

Answer 23

mast (first responders), PMNs, endothelial cells.

Question 24

mast cells

Answer 24

activated by trauma

degranulate and secrete histamine, TNF-alpha, chemokines, protesases, heparin

Question 25

Neutrophils

Answer 25

recruited by endothelial interactions, chemotactic stimuli, complement, leukotriene, chemokines.

phagosomes merge with lysosomes to kill phagocytosed organisms and destroy toxins.

Resperatory burst