Immunology 1.2

Question 1

how do innate and adaptive responses integrate?

Answer 1

macros recognize PAMPs, induce neutrophil infiltration, , dendritic cell takes it to lymph, interphase occurs in lymph node or spleen. gives long term response.

Question 2

innate immunity

Answer 2

epithelial barriers
phagocytes
complement
NK cells

Question 3

adaptive immunity

Answer 3

B cells&raquo_space;» antibody
T cells&raquo_space;» effector T cells (helper..)

usually the one that eradicates infection.

Question 4

Defensin

Answer 4

small cysteine rich actinic proteins. host defense peptides. active agains bacteria, fungi and viruses.

made by leukocytes.

alpha defensins- paneth cells
beta defensins- epithelial cells

Question 5

PMNs

Answer 5

phagocytes, from common myeloid progenitor.
average of 10^11 per day. live for days.
dont proliferate. kamikazee, death of neutrophils contributes to pus!!!

Question 6

CGD

Answer 6

chronic granulomatous disease, due to defective NADPH oxidase in PMNS.

Question 7

Macrophages

Answer 7

circulate as monocytes then differentiate to macros.
depending on where they are they have diff phenotypes.
kupffer, alveolar, osteoclasts, microglia

new research suggests resident macros actually come from yolk sac. so it’s embryonic!!!!!! intratissue proliferation.

Question 8

PAMPs

Answer 8

host immune response uses it to recognize microbes.

Question 9

NK cell

Answer 9

look up!

Question 10

innate responses

Answer 10

interstitial spacesblood lymph,.> complement, macros, PMNS
epithelial surfaces > antimicrobial peptides ill gonorrhoea, worms, C albicans
cytoplasmic > NK cells kill viruses, listeria, protozoa vesicular > macros kill mycobacteria, trypanosomes, cryptococcus.

Question 11

what is the first line of defense

Answer 11

EPITHELIUM. skin, GI, genital tract, eyes, respiratory.

Question 12

mechanical defense

Answer 12

hard surface, fluid flow, perspiration, sloughing, mucus, saliva, urine, sperm, tears.

Question 13

Chemical defense

Answer 13

sebum, acidity, enzymes, lysozyme, vaginal secretions, zinc in semen.

Question 14

Microbiological defense

Answer 14

normal flora

Question 15

pore formation model

Answer 15

defensin blocks pore

Question 16

carpet model

Answer 16

defensin sits on top

Question 17

specificity

Answer 17

innate- mannose receptors

adaptive- antigens

Question 18

what does it mean to have clonal distribution?

Answer 18

clones of lymphocytes express different receptors. only in adaptive immunity.

Question 19

discrimination-

Answer 19

look at table 2-1

Question 20

PMN granules

Answer 20

primary- MPO, uses H2O2 that oxidizes amino acids.
**secondary- lactoferrin, sequester iron from bacteria. non specific. proteolytic enzymes most numerous.
tertiary- gelatinase, metalloproteinases hydrolyse proteins and carbs

Question 21

how are PMNS activated

Answer 21

p-selectin, integrin, ICAM then it will diapedese. becomes active and will eat stuff. PMN will release nets, and die. macros will degrade them.

Question 22

PMN bacterial recognition

Answer 22

Mannose receptror, glycan receptor, scavenger receptor, LPS receptor

Question 23

how does a PMN kill something?

Answer 23

.

Question 24

oxidative burst

Answer 24

generated by PMN which attacks and destroy bacteria.

defective in chronic granulomatous disease= defective NADPH oxidase, which begins oxidative burst.

Question 25

NADPH oxidase complex

Answer 25

can be genetically defective, GP91 most common. X-linked. so it affects males more drastically.

Question 26

granuloma

Answer 26

immune response can’t eradicate infection so it compounds around bacteria. because PMNs can’t form an oxidative burst

Question 27

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Answer 27

cannot form normal granules, can’t function well.
become deficient in immunity

blue minks

Question 28

TLR-4

Answer 28

look up

Question 29

TLR- 7, 8, 9.

Answer 29

look up