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Microbiology Final > virology > Flashcards

virology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

are viruses cellular?

A

no

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2
Q

Do viruses leave fossil records?

A

no

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3
Q

how long have viruses been around?

A

as long as the cells the infect

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4
Q

who attempted Kosch postulates on tobacco leaf infections and tried to grow it on media-filtrate infection

A

Ivanovsky

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5
Q

all viruses must be:

A

1.small in size
2.obligate intracellular parasites
3.capsid
4.genome-inside capsid (made of nucleic acid)
-segmentede or non
5.few genes
6.no metabolism
7. some have an envelope (influenza)
8.host range

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6
Q

what is a viroid?

A

a piece of nucleic acid that are able to infect cells (hepatitis infections)

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7
Q

what is a prion?

A

proteins that are infectious (protenatious infectious agent) EX: chronic wasting disease, mad cow disease

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8
Q

what is a capsid?

A

a protein shell typically made up of 1-2 types of proteins in 100,000’s of copies that form a shell

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9
Q

what is a capsid shape referred to as?

A

capsomere

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10
Q

what are the types of capsid categories?

A

-polyhedral virus (spherical)
-helical virus (rod shaped)
-complex virus, stalk covered in sheath, tall fiber and bas plate pins (all other viruses)

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11
Q

what is a nucleocapsid?

A

term for the nucleic acid within a capsid

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12
Q

what do virus genomes consist of?

A

DNA or RNA, single or double stranded

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13
Q

what are the combinations of virus genomes?

A

4 combos
-dsDNA -ssDNA -dsRNA -ssRNA

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14
Q

what is the calcification of viruses called?

A

Baltimore Classification

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15
Q

what is the class 1 in Baltmore Classification?

A

dsDNA

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16
Q

what is the class 2 in Baltmore Classification?

A

ssDNA

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17
Q

what is the class 3 in Baltmore Classification?

A

dsRNA

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18
Q

what is the class 4 in Baltmore Classification?

A

(plus sense) +RNA

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19
Q

what is the class 5 in Baltmore Classification?

A

(minus sense) -RNA

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20
Q

what is read by a ribosome (translation) to make a polypeptide (proteins) in viruses?

A

plus sense RNA

21
Q

what is not read directly by a ribosome in viruses and has to use transcription?

A

minus sense RNA

22
Q

what is the class 6 in Baltmore Classification

A

Retrovirus (retroviridae) -has reverse transcriptase

23
Q

what means geinus in virus?

A

virus

24
Q

what means family in virus?

A

viridae

25
Q

reverse transcriptase does what?

A

found in class 6, plus sense RNA converted back to minus sense RNA (HIV)

26
Q

what is the class 7 in Baltmore Classification

A

dsDNA with reverse transcriptase

27
Q

what does segmented genome mean?

A

genome is broken up

28
Q

what does non-segmented genome mean?

A

genome is all in 1

29
Q

what is an oncovirus?

A

a virus that causes a tumor or cancer

30
Q

what is virus envelope made of?

A

a piece of your membrane

31
Q

what is host range?

A

species and cell types specifically viruses can infect- broad and narrow

32
Q

what is lytic cycle?

A

(influenza) each have different specifics of their cycle,
1.attchment
2.penetration
3.synthesis of nucleic acid+protein
4.assembly+packaging-progeny viron created
5.release

33
Q

what is a virion

A

a viral particle out side of the cell

34
Q

what are the 3 types of entry?

A

injection
endocytosis
fusion

35
Q

what are types of exits?

A

lysis
budding
syncytium

36
Q

what is lysis exit?

A

explosion and release of viron

37
Q

what is budding exit?

A

only cell envelope-release of viron from edge

38
Q

what is syncytium exit?

A

a multi-nucleaided cell, cells fuse and viron effect neighboring cells

39
Q

what is RSV?

A

respiratory syncytium virus

40
Q

the influenza virus in what family?

A

orthomyxoviridea (-RNA)
-genus influenzavirus

41
Q

what are species of influenza virus?

A

A-infects lots of animals, 8 gene segments
B-infects fewer animals, 8 gene segments
C-infect fewer animals, 7 gene segments
D-infect even fewer animals-not humans, 7 gene segments

42
Q

how does the flu infect/ entry?

A

fusion

43
Q

what are spike proteins in influenza?

A

-hemagglutinin
-neuraminidase: digests mucous, clears binding sites so glutinin doesn’t clump inactivation the virus

44
Q

what does claratryptase do?

A

helps prevent binding/attachment on host cells

45
Q

what is uncoding?

A

capsid is broken apart to release the genome

46
Q

how does influenza exit?

A

budding

47
Q

how does influenza mutate?

A

-genetic drift
-genetic shift

48
Q

what was the worst pandemic known?

A

1918 H1N1 “spanish flu”

Microbiology Final (7 decks)

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