bacterial genomics

Question 1

what do both eukaryote and prokaryotes have similar in genomes?

Answer 1

-DNA + composition (AGTC)
-use replication (DNA polymerase)
-use transcription (RNA polymerase)
-ribosomes translate (polypeptide->protein)

Question 2

what do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have different in genomics?

Answer 2

-base sequences
-genome size

Question 3

what is most prokaryote DNA look like?

Answer 3

circular

Question 4

what is most eukaryotic DNA look like?

Answer 4

liner (helix)

Question 5

what are the subunits?

Answer 5

small-sproteins (s12)
large-lproteins
(S-Svedburgs-measurement of density)

Question 6

what do eukaryotes consist of?

Answer 6

small- 40S-18S rRNA
large- 60S- 5S rRNA, 5.8S rRNA, 28S rRNA
total-80S

Question 7

what do prokaryotes consist of?

Answer 7

small- 30S- 16S rRNA
large- 50S- 5S rRNA, 23S rRNA

Question 8

what is an oriC?

Answer 8

origin of replication (DNA polymerase will bind)

Question 9

how many oriC are in bacterial chromosomes?

Answer 9

1

Question 10

how many oriC are in eukaryotes?

Answer 10

1,000’s

Question 11

what are operons?

Answer 11

regulated cluster of genes with like function (faster adaptation and response to environment)

Question 12

what is Plasmid DNA?

Answer 12

added features to DNA (smaller than a chromosome, 1-5% of the size)
-self replicating, have ori’s

Question 13

what are types of plasmids?

Answer 13

virulence-genes enhance pathogenicity
R plasmids-resistance

Question 14

what is horizontal gene transfer?

Answer 14

recombination

Question 15

what is transformation?

Answer 15

acquiring DNA directly from the environment
-competent cell can be transformed(DNA from dead cell)
-quorum sensing

Question 16

what is transduction?

Answer 16

using bacteriophage/progeny to pick up bacterial DNA

Question 17

what is conjugation?

Answer 17

transfer of DNA through a pilus
F+-donor cell has plasmid with oriT(transfer)-codes for pilus
-energy burden, costs ATP to express the DNA