immunology

Question 1

reasons for spreading:

Answer 1

-population is bigger
-more crowded
-urbanization
-economic power in larger areas
-transport of materials
-increased drug resistance
-immunization malpractice

Question 2

what is isolation?

Answer 2

voluntary

Question 3

what is quarantine?

Answer 3

required

Question 4

innate system:

Answer 4

-what your born with
-begins in utero
-made of non-specific antibodies
-responds to all pathogens the same
-skin, mucous membranes, stomach acids

Question 5

acquired system:

Answer 5

-afterbirth (antibodies)

Question 6

what are the parts of the acquired immune system?

Answer 6

cellular and humoral

Question 7

cellular immunity:

Answer 7

-cytotoxic T-cells + lymphocytes
-indentify infected cells and target for destruction

Question 8

what are the antibodies?

Answer 8

-IGG, IGE, IGA, IGD, IGM-only one made when born
-bind to antigens (immunoglobulins)
-globular proteins that make up immunity

Question 9

what are the parts of acquired immunity?

Answer 9

-antibodies
-made by B-cells
defense against bacteria

Question 10

how are viruses attacked?

Answer 10

-intracellularly
antibodies neutralize the viral particles

Question 11

jobs of the immune system (innate):

Answer 11

1. prevent entry of pathogens
2. prevent colonization
3. prevent growth if colonized

Question 12

jobs of the immune system (acquired):

Answer 12

1.destroy infected cells (cellular)
2.produce antibodes (humoral)

Question 13

types of prevention?

Answer 13

-food and water safety
-public and personal hygiene
-immunizations

Question 14

what is engrafting?

Answer 14

a Buddhist practice, scraping body fluid into skin

Question 15

who scratched small pox into people creating a mild reaction but antibodies?

Answer 15

Mary Montegu

Question 16

when was the Salk vaccine created?

Answer 16

1930-1940, development of vaccines, oral and injectable polio vaccine

Question 17

what is the ACIP?

Answer 17

center for immunization practices
-oversee production, distribution, and effectiveness
-part of the CDC
-rather or not its warranted-necessary

Question 18

what are chemotherapeutics?

Answer 18

for treating not prevention

Question 19

what are types of personal prevention?

Answer 19

-health (sleep, nutrition, stress,)
-personal hygiene
-acute stress (promotes immunity/ inflammation)
-block transmission (masks, gloves)

Question 20

what are the types of vaccines?

Answer 20

-whole pathogen
-viral vector
-subunit
-DNA/RNA

Question 21

what is attenuated whole pathogen?

Answer 21

genetically manipulate pathogen to alter/knock out the genes to make the pathogen less virulent

Question 22

what is inactivated whole pathogen?

Answer 22

completely inactivate “kill” the pathogen

Question 23

what is viral vector?

Answer 23

antigen is placed inside virus-low pathogenic, adenovirus

Question 24

what is replicating viral vector?

Answer 24

make more virus (progeny) Center get infected, stronger immune reaction (not for sensitive groups)

Question 25

what is non-replicating viral vector?

Answer 25

much more controlled

Question 26

what is purified antigen subunit?

Answer 26

injection small part of protein

Question 27

what is conjugate subunit?

Answer 27

glycocalyx and antigen injection

Question 28

what is toxoid subunit?

Answer 28

antigen is a bacterial toxin, piece of toxin in injected, in the future it neutralizes the toxin (boosters)

Question 29

what is the only vaccine used against a non-communicable or transmissible pathogen?

Answer 29

tetanis

Question 30

what is nucleic acid immunization?

Answer 30

piece of DNA/RNA is injected

Question 31

what is passive immunity?

Answer 31

when we give someone pre-formed antibodies