epidemiology

Question 1

what is epidemiology?

Answer 1

monitoring of disease transmission within host populations

Question 2

what is etiology?

Answer 2

study of the cause of disease

Question 3

who are known as the god fathers of etiology?

Answer 3

Kosh and Pasteiur

Question 4

who looked at the speed of collera (ghost map) and traced it to the water pump on Broad Street?

Answer 4

John Snow

Question 5

what is Ignaz Semmelweis find?

Answer 5

child birth fever- 1/6 women dying after birth with no hand washing (>1% after started washing hands)

Question 6

what did Florence Nightingale do?

Answer 6

pushed for better hygiene during the war, contraction of typhus from Rickettsia prowazeki by lice

Question 7

what did Florence Nightingale believe cause typhus?

Answer 7

miasma-bad air

Question 8

what does sporadic mean?

Answer 8

no distribution pattern, not a lot of cases (bubonic plague)

Question 9

what does endemic mean?

Answer 9

always present within a population, but low # of cases and predictable (colds)

Question 10

what does epidemic mean?

Answer 10

infectious disease that surpasses our expectations (influenza, ebola)

Question 11

what dies pandemic mean?

Answer 11

unable to control the spread, forces isolation, no transport between countries, transparence about cases.

Question 12

what does epizootic mean?

Answer 12

transmission of disease in non-human animals

Question 13

what does zoonotic mean?

Answer 13

can transmit from animals to humans (spill over event)

Question 14

what is incidence rate?

Answer 14

of cases of a specific disease in a designated population over a period of time

Question 15

what is prevalence rate?

Answer 15

of existing cases over a period of time (month or week)

Question 16

how is disease transmission recorded in cases?

Answer 16

per 100,000 people

Question 17

communicable:

Answer 17

passed from person to person

Question 18

mortality rate:

Answer 18

death rate

Question 19

morbidity rate:

Answer 19

those who have an active disease (symptoms shown)

Question 20

what are the infectious cycle phases?

Answer 20

1. incubation phase
2. prodromal phase
3. clinical phase
4. decline phase
5. recovery phase

Question 21

what is the incubation phase?

Answer 21

time it takes for an organism to multiple, asymptomatic, non-infectous

Question 22

what is the prodromal phase?

Answer 22

symptoms shown mild+general mildly infectous

Question 23

what is the clinical phase?

Answer 23

symptoms specific to disease (very infectious)

Question 24

what is the decline phase?

Answer 24

of pathogenic particles decline+wind down replication (infectous)

Question 25

what is the recovery phase?

Answer 25

illuminate pathogen, still feeling sick due to tissues repairing, (not infectious)

Question 26

what is the R-value?

Answer 26

how many people 1 person will infect (must be >1 to control virus)