viral replication

Question 1

during absorption penetration is the virus detectable?

Answer 1

yes

Question 2

eclipse period

Answer 2

the viruses are not detectable

Question 3

latency

Answer 3

you can detect intracellular virus but you cannot detect extracellular virus

Question 4

two forms of entry into the cell

Answer 4

1. receptor mediated endocytosis

2. membrane fusion

Question 5

viruses that participate in membrane fusion

Answer 5

herpesvirus, HIV, and parainfluenza

Question 6

viruses that participate in receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 6

rhabdoviruses, orthomyxoviruses, and adenovirus

Question 7

all DNA viruses except pox viruses replicate in the cytoplasm/nucleus

Answer 7

nucleus

Question 8

all RNA viruses except influenza and retrovirus replicate in the cytoplasm/nucleus

Answer 8

cytoplasm

Question 9

T/F some viruses must carry the encoded regions for polymerase with them

Answer 9

true

Question 10

progeny nucleocapsid formation

Answer 10

occurs in the same area that the replication occurs

Question 11

two forms of maturation

Answer 11

1. cell surface envelopment budding

2. internal envelopment (ER or golgi network) and then exocytosis

Question 12

cell surface envelopment budding

Answer 12

1. rhabdovirus
2. togaviruses
3. orthomyxoviruses
4. paramyxoviruses
5. retroviruses

Question 13

internal envelopment (ER or golgi network) and then exocytosis

Answer 13

1. herpesviruses
2. coronavirses
3. bunyaviruses
4. poxviruses

Question 14

human retroviruses

Answer 14

enveloped, RNA viruses, reverse transcriptase and integrase

1. lentiviruses
2. oncoviruses
3. spumaviruses
4. human endogenous retroviruses

Question 15

lentivirus

Answer 15

HIV I and HIV II

Question 16

is HIV I or HIV II more prevalent in the USA

Answer 16

HIV I

Question 17

lentivirus is a retrovirus that can affect ______ cells

Answer 17

non-dividing

Question 18

HIV II is common in

Answer 18

West Africa

Question 19

within the capsid of the HIV virus what enzymes are found?

Answer 19

1. reverse transcriptase
2. protease
3. integrase

Question 20

what is the capsomeres of HIV made of?

Answer 20

p24

Question 21

what makes up the envelope of HIV?

Answer 21

glycoproteins 120 and transmembrane 41 and lipids

Question 22

HIV entry requires CD4/CD8

Answer 22

CD4

Question 23

CD4 receptors are found on

Answer 23

macrophages
microglial cells
t- lymphocytes

Question 24

what are the co-receptors that have to be present with CD4 in oder for HIV to enter the cell?

Answer 24

CCR5 , CXCR4

Question 25

CCR5/CXCR4 is more common co-receptor

Answer 25

CCR5

Question 26

increased expression of CXCR4 is seen when

Answer 26

there is persistent infection

Question 27

GP120/GP41 attaches to the CD4 receptor and there is a conformation change that allows GP120/GP41 to unfold and attach

Answer 27

GP120 ; GP 41

Question 28

CCR5 tropic, CXCR4 tropic and dual/mixed tropic are

Answer 28

HIV viruses that enter at CCR5, CXCR4, or both

Question 29

reverse transcriptase occurs in the nucleus/cytoplasm

Answer 29

cytoplasm

Question 30

steps of reverse transcriptase

Answer 30

1. ss RNA --> ds RNA and DNA reverse transcriptase 2. RNA strand removed by RNAae H 3. ssDNA --> ds DNA DNA dependent DNA polymerase

Question 31

step after reverse transcriptase

Answer 31

integrase facilitates entry into the nucleus, by identifying the integration site and executing the strand transfer

Question 32

protease

Answer 32

cleaves and the HIV particle buds off