antivirals

Question 1

acyclovir is also known as

Answer 1

zovirax

Question 2

the prodrug forms of acyclovir are

Answer 2

valacyclovir and famciclovir

Question 3

the antiviral that is similar to acyclovir except it is also activated by cellular kinases is

Answer 3

ganciclovir

Question 4

the pro-drug of ganciclovir is

Answer 4

valganciclovir

Question 5

antivirals for herpesviruses that have nephrotoxicities

Answer 5

foscarnet and cidofovir

Question 6

antiviral drug for influenza

Answer 6

oseltamivir

Question 7

common name for oseltamivir

Answer 7

tamiflu

Question 8

interferon alpha for hepatitis C

Answer 8

gives flu like symptoms

Question 9

ribavirin

Answer 9

• older medication used as aerosol treatment of infants with severe RSV
• hep C
• Lassa fever

Question 10

zidovudine

Answer 10

• also known as retrovir
• first antiviral drug developed
• synthetic analogue of thymidine, active drug phosphorylated
• competitive binding of reverse transcriptase
• DNA chain elongation terminator
• only antiviral also available in IV formulation
• NRTI

Question 11

black box warning of zidovudine

Answer 11

neutropenia, sever anemia, myopathy

Question 12

acyclovir mechanism of action

Answer 12

• enters nucleus and viral thymidine kinase phosphorylates for activation
• does not contain 3’ OH so terminates DNA replication when incorporated into the strand
• more specific for viral polymerase
• go to treatment for HSV 1/II
• effective against VZV
• not effective against EBV
• analogue of deoxyguanosine

Question 13

bioavailability of acyclovir

Answer 13

• low so pro-drug forms can be used

Question 14

ganciclovir toxicities

Answer 14

bone marrow

Question 15

ganciclovir treatment

Answer 15

severe CMV

Question 16

oseltamivir mechanism of action

Answer 16

• inhibits neuroaminidase from cleaving the virus from the cell
• effective for both A and B influenza

Question 17

osetlamivir has to be started within ___ hours of symptom onset to be effective

Answer 17

24 hours

Question 18

oseltamivir adverse effects

Answer 18

neuropsychiatric effects

Question 19

oseltamivir can/cannot cause easy resistance

Answer 19

can

Question 20

abacavir

Answer 20

• also known as ziagen
• currently greater use than zidovudine
• NRTI

Question 21

abacavir risks

Answer 21

• risk of serious hypersensitivity reaction

- increased risk of cardiac disease

Question 22

abacavir’s risk of risk of serious hypersensitivity reaction indicates physician must screen for presence of

Answer 22

HLA-B*5701

Question 23

lamivudine is also known as

Answer 23

epivir

Question 24

emtricitabine is also known as

Answer 24

emtriva

Question 25

lamivudine and emtricitabine

Answer 25

- NRTI - common use with zidovudine or tenofovir - effective for Hepatitis B

Question 26

antiviral drugs that are effective against Hepatitis B

Answer 26

lamivudine and emtricitabine Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF)

Question 27

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate also known as

Answer 27

Viread and TDF

Question 28

Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF)

Answer 28

- NRTI | - works with TDF

Question 29

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate has less/more renal and bone toxicities compared to Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF)

Answer 29

more

Question 30

Tenofovir Alafenamide (TAF) and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF)

Answer 30

- most common drugs used in combination pills | - effective against Hepatitis B

Question 31

Lopinavir and Ritonavir

Answer 31

- kaletra - protease inhibitor - beware of drug interactions

Question 32

ritonavir is used to

Answer 32

- boost levels of primary drugs

Question 33

Raltegravir

Answer 33

- integrase inhibitor - well-tolerated - less side effects and resistance

Question 34

maraviroc

Answer 34

unique mechanism that inhibits co-receptor, may not be active in all stages of disease

Question 35

effective against hepatitis C

Answer 35

1. interferon alfa + ribavirin | 2. protease inhibitors