Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology II > vaccines > Flashcards

vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

active immuntiy

A

the body’s response to exposure to a potential pathogen (via immunization, infection, or exposure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

passive immunity

A
  • created via the transfer of pre-formed antibodies to an individual
  • short lived, does not produce memory cells
  • products include polyclonal antibody, hyper-immune antibody preparations, monoclonal antibodies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

examples of when to use passive immunity

A
  • immediate protection is needed
  • host unable to produce an adequate immune response
  • no safe or effective vaccine is available
  • protection against toxins (tetanus, botulism, diphtheria, snake venom)
  • Rho-Gam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

case with bite from dog with rabies

A
  • rabies vaccine and rabies immune globulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

if you do not have B cells then vaccines do not work and you must

A

long term passive immunizations or transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

A

significant disease in premature infants with chronic lung disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

rho-gam

A

antibody for RH

passive immunity example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

D positive

A

Rh protein present on the red blood cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

administration of polyclonal gamma globulin (IVIg) is used for

A

serious deficiencies of the humoral immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

use of antibody products directed against specific viral antigens examples

A

hepatitis A, rabies, cytomegalovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

t/f passive and active immunity are never used together

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

pregnant women are/are not suppose to receive pertussis booster

A

are

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

types of vaccines

A
  1. attenuated (weakened) or inactivated bacterial and viral vaccines
  2. purified antigen vaccines
  3. synthetic / recombination vaccines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

inactivated vaccines are produced by

A
  • growing large numbers of the virus or bacteria and killing (inactivating) them with heat or chemical fixation
  • NOT USED IN THE USA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

attenuated vaccines are produced by

A

repeated passages of the organism through a cell culture or laboratory animal until non-virulent organism is isolated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

inactivated bacterial vaccines

A
  • limited protection

- short lived

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

inactivated viral vaccines

A
  • may not produce as long lived or as good protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

inactivated viral vaccines examples

A

influenza, rabies, polio vaccines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

attenuated bacterial and viral vaccines

A
  • effective, generate long term protection
  • may be lifelong protection but booster dose may be needed
  • contain live material and safety can be concern
  • generates antibody response
20
Q

attenuated bacterial vaccines examples

A

BCG for TB

21
Q

attenuated viral vaccines examples

A

measles (rubeola), mumps, rubella (MMR) chickenpox (varicella), rotavirus, the live oral influenza vaccine and yellow fever

22
Q

purified antigen /subunit vaccines

A
  1. toxoid

2. purified polysaccharide antigen - conjugate vaccine

23
Q

purified polysaccharide antigen - conjugate vaccine example

A
  • haemophilus influenza b (hib) chemically conjugated to tetanus toxoid
  • leads to memory and effective class switching
24
Q

Toxoid

A

inactive toxin
EXAMPLES
diphtheria and tetanus

25
Q

advantage of purified antigen /subunit vaccines

A
  • very safe
26
Q

disadvantage of purified antigen /subunit vaccines

A
  • short shelf life
  • difficulty reproducing vaccine
  • failure to recognize because typically exogenous antigens
27
Q

synthetic / recombinant antigen vaccines

A

active part is synthesized amino acid polymer corresponding to antigenic determinants, peptide or protein

28
Q

synthetic / recombinant antigen vaccines example

A

hepatitis B vaccine

29
Q

synthetic / recombinant antigen vaccines advantages

A

safe

30
Q

synthetic / recombinant antigen vaccines disadvantages

A
  • short shelf life
  • difficulty producing vaccine
  • failure to recognize because typically exogenous antigens
31
Q

polyvalent /combination vaccines

A

diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis combination vaccine

32
Q

polyvalent /combination vaccines advantages

A

reduction in the number of injections

33
Q

polyvalent /combination vaccines disadvantages

A

not all vaccines can be combined, risk of . interference, many not available worldwide

34
Q

additional substance/components in a vaccine

A
  1. adjuvants
  2. diluent
  3. stabilizers
  4. antibiotics
  5. preservatives
35
Q

adjuvants

A

substance added to the vaccine to improve the immune response
ex. aluminum salts

36
Q

diluent

A

water

37
Q

stablizer

A

maintain vaccine potency

ex. albumin, phenols, gelatin, glycine

38
Q

preservatives

A

thimerosal

39
Q

vaccine efficacy:
immunization against microorganisms that are limited to human hosts and are invariant in their surface structures are MORE/LESS effective
provide an example

A

more; smallpox

40
Q

vaccine efficacy:
vaccination programs against microorganisms that have animal reservoirs and exhibit diversity in their surface structures are likely MORE/LESS effective
provide an example

A

less; influenza

41
Q

herd immunity

A

phenomenon seen when a large percentage of individuals in the community are immunized …

  • microorganism has difficultly surviving in that environment
  • low probability that even given un-immunized individual will come in contact with the pathogen
42
Q

thimerosal

A
  • previously used as vaccine preservative
  • contains ethylmercury
  • mercury exposure and neurocognitive disorders
43
Q
  1. The purpose of an adjuvant in a vaccine preparation is to:
    A. Stabilize the protein component of the vaccine
    B. Improve or stimulate the immune response
    C. Prevent bacterial and fungal infections of the preparation
    D. Prolong the shelf-life of the vaccine
A

B. Improve or stimulate the immune response

44
Q
  1. Passive immunization:
    A. Is longer lasting than active immunization
    B. Creates memory B cells but no memory T cells
    C. Is always administered in conjunction with a vaccine
    D. Is useful to obtain rapid protection against toxins such as tetanus
A

D. Is useful to obtain rapid protection against toxins such as tetanus

45
Q
  1. Thimerosal:
    A. Is now only contained in live virus vaccines in the US
    B. Had a role in vaccines as an adjuvant
    C. Has never been shown to cause any illness in children
    D. Has been linked to obesity in recent studies
A

C. Has never been shown to cause any illness in children

46
Q

stabilizer examples

A

phenols, monosodium glutamate, albumin, phenols, gelatin, glycine

Immunology II (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions