Viral Pathogens Flashcards
How are respiratory viruses transmitted?
aerosols
How are fecal-oral viruses transmitted?
food, water, dirty hands
How are contact viruses transmitted?
lesions, saliva, fomites
How are zoonose viruses transmitted?
animals, insects
How are blood viruses transmitted?
direct contact, blood products, organ transplants
How are sexual viruses transmitted?
mucous membranes, blood
How are maternal-neonatal viruses transmitted?
birth, breastmilk
How are genetic viruses transmitted?
prions, retroviruses
What four aspects determine susceptibility and severity of viral disease?
nature of response (route)
viral dose
status of person
virus-host interactions
How is smallpox acquired, disseminated, and shed?
Acquired: resp tract
Disseminated: blood
Shed: pustules on skin
What do M cells in the gut do?
Sample contents of gut
present to immune system
What is the advantage for a virus to infect an M cell?
can reach blood easily
What does primary viremia lead to?
replication in internal organs
can be asymptomatic
What does secondary viremia lead to?
dissemination and shedding
What are some possible virus-host interactions?
unnoticed cause illness autoimmunity lethal persistant
A successful virus will avoid destroying _____ before ______ is finished
host
replication
What are the viral stages? which are chronic?
Chronic: persistant, latent, slow
not chronic: acute, transforming
What direct effect of viral infection can lead to organ damage or failure?
cell inactivation
What is one example of viral cell inactivation?
syncytium - multinucleated cell from fusion
from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
what comprises the indirect effects of viral infection?
immunopathology
What cause viral immune pathology?
T cells
antibody complexes
What two viruses can be made worse by vaccination?
Dengue fever
RSV
