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Microbiology Unit 2 > RNA Viruses 2 > Flashcards

RNA Viruses 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the defining features of the Rotavirus?

A

reovirus
dsRNA
segmented
naked icosahedron

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2
Q

What are the defining features of the Influenza Virus?

A

orthomoxyvirus
(–) ssRNA
segmented
enveloped

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3
Q

What are the defining features of HIV?

A

retrovirus
(+) ssRNA
2 copies
enveloped

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4
Q

What does the Rotavirus cause? what are the symptoms and affected age groups?

A

severe gastroenteritis
adults - usually asymptomatic
children - profuse diarrhea, dehydration, maladsorption

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5
Q

Where do rotavirus virions assemble? What happens next?

A

cytoplasm

then but into rough ER

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6
Q

How does rotavirus egress occur?

A

exocytosis or cell lysis

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7
Q

Where do rotavirus virions mature? What do they do next?

A

in gut lumen

either infect other enterocytes or are shed in diarrhea

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8
Q

What are the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of rotavirus?

A

diagnosis: often not needed
treatment: rehydration
prevention: vaccine

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9
Q

What characterizes uncomplicated influenza?

A

upper and/or lower resp tract

fever, headache, myalgia, weakness

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10
Q

What characterizes complicated influenza?

A

Primary pneumonia caused by flu
secondary bacterial pneumonia
mixed viral and bacterial pneumonia
muscle involvement (myositis - pain, rhabdomyelitis - breakdown)

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11
Q

Where do txn and replication of influenza happen?

A

nucleus

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12
Q

How do influenza virions egress?

A

budding

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13
Q

In influenza, _________ (N antigen) releases virions form ______ on cell surface

A

neuraminidase

sialic acid

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14
Q

How are influenza virions shed?

A

droplets - cough, sneeze

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15
Q

How is the flu treated and prevented?

A

antiviral drugs for treatment

vaccines for prevention

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16
Q

How is the flu vaccine characterized?

A

TRIVALENT inactivated vaccine

live attenuated vaccine

17
Q

How is the AIDS stage characterized?

A

CD4 count < 200mm^m

18
Q

How is the advanced HIV infection characterized?

A

CD4 count < 50mm^3

19
Q

What are the stages of HIV disease?

A 
Exposure/Transmission
Primary HIV infection - acute
Seroconversion
Latent
Early symptomatic HIV
AIDS
Advanced HIV
20
Q

How does the HIV virus cause immunodeficiency? To what does it bind?

A

Binds CD4 and chemokine receptors on T cells and machrophages
depletes these cells –> extreme immune activation –> immunodeficiency

21
Q

What are the top 10 AIDS defining conditions?

A 
P. carnii pneumonia
esophageal candidiasis
wasting
Kaposi's sarcoma
Disseminated M. avium infection
TB
Cytomegalovirus disease
HIV-associated dementia
recurrent bacterial pneumonia
toxoplasmosis
22
Q

After the HIV virion fuses with the host PM, what happens?

A

Reverse transcriptase converts (+) ssRNA genomes into dsDNA

23
Q

Once synthesized, what do HIV dsDNA genomes do?

A

integrate into host genome for life

24
Q

How are the dsDNA HIV genomes, which have integrated into the host cell, transcribed?

A

Host RNA Pol II

25
Q

What is the egress of the HIV virus?

A

Viral proteins and 2 genomes (+ssRNA and dsDNA) bud from the PM

26
Q

Where does virion maturation occur for the HIV virus? What triggers maturation?

A

outside the cell

viral protease cleaves capsid proteins –> final trapezoidal shape

27
Q

What is the diagnosis for HIV?

A

serologic assays for antibodies
nucleic acid assays for viral load
CD4 T cell count

28
Q

What is the prevention of HIV?

A

risk avoidance
community awareness
public health measures
antiviral drugs (chemoprophylaxis)

29
Q

What is the treatment of HIV?

A 
antiretroviral therapy (ART)
combined drugs to avoid resistance
30
Q

What are 5 types of HIV drugs?

A

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)
Protease inhibitors (PI)
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI)
CCR5 antagonists

31
Q

What are 5 goals of HIV treatment?

A 
Durable suppression of HIV viral load
Restoration of immune function
Prevention of transmission
Prevention of drug resistance
Improvement of quality of life

Microbiology Unit 2 (14 decks)

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