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Microbiology Unit 2 > DNA Viruses 2: Herpesviruses > Flashcards

DNA Viruses 2: Herpesviruses Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some human infections the herpesvirus can cause?

A

chicken pox
mononucleosis
birth defect
cancer

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2
Q

What are the primary infection, reactivation, and treatment of HSV-1?

A

Primary: Mouth or eye sores (can have genital sores)
Reactivation: cold sores, etc
Treatment: Acyclovir

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3
Q

What are the primary infection, reactivation, and treatment of HSV-2?

A

Primary: Genital sores (can have mouth or eye sores)
Reactivation: Genital sores
Treatment: Acyclovir

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4
Q

What are the primary infection, reactivation, and treatment of Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)?

A

Primary: Chicken Pox
Reactivation: Shingles
Treatment: Acyclovir, vaccines

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5
Q

What are the primary infection, reactivation, and treatment of Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)?

A

Primary: Mononucleosis
Reactivation: Lymphoma (in immunocompromised)
Treatment: Oncotherapy

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6
Q

What are the primary infection, reactivation, and treatment of Cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

A

Primary: Mononucleosis (less common)
Reactivation: Systemic disease (in immunocompromised)
Treatment: Ganciclovir

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7
Q

What are the primary infection, reactivation, and treatment of HSV-6, 7?

A

Primary: Roseola
Reactivation: Systemic Disease
Treatment: None

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8
Q

How is herpesvirus classified?

A

DNA virus

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9
Q

How does the herpesvirus egress?

A

exocytosis

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10
Q

What is a major barrier to vaccines for herpes?

A

genomes are maintained throughout life

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11
Q

What does herpes latency mean?

A

genome is present in cell, but not infectious virions are present

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12
Q

Where is herpes latency established?

A

neurons

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13
Q

What do HSV-1 (And HSV-2) primary infections often cause? what are the symptoms?

A

Meningitis

still neck, headache

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14
Q

What do HSV-1 (And HSV-2) recurrent infections often cause? what are the symptoms?

A

encephalitis

fever, neurologic symptoms

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15
Q

Which HSV is usually above the waist? Which is usually below the waist?

A

HSV-1 above the waist

HSV-2 below the waist

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16
Q

what is prodrome?

A

In recurrent herpesviruses - itching and tingling at lesion site a day before the outbreak

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17
Q

Can HSV be transmitted in the asymptomatic phase?

A

yes - periodic shedding

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18
Q

How are HSV1 and 2 distinguished?

A

PCR or serology

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19
Q

What are two drugs used for chemoprophylaxis for herpes?

A

Valtrex

Famvir

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20
Q

How is the varicella zoster virus spread?

A

aerosol - highly contagious

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21
Q

Where is the vericella zoster virus latent?

A

dorsal root ganglia neurons

22
Q

What are complications with the varicella zoster virus?

A

hepatitis
encephalitis
pneumonitis
bacterial infections of the lesions (MRSA, strep)

23
Q

What are complications of recurrent varicella zoster virus (shingles)?

A

Bell’s palsy
postherpetic neuralgia
retinitis

24
Q

What is herpes zoster ophthalmicus? What is a serious complication?

A

shingles on the face

can destroy retina

25
Q

What is the diagnosis of varicella zoster virus?

A

distinctive clinical signs

PCR, antigen, serology kits

26
Q

What is the treatment of varicella zoster virus?

A

not required if uncomplicated
only effective first three days of outbreak
Acyclovir - marginally effective

27
Q

What is the prevention of the varicella zoster virus?

A

live attenuated virus vaccine
Varivax - varicella - age 1-50
Zostavax - zoster - age 50+

28
Q

How is the EBV transmitted?

A

saliva

29
Q

What cells does EBV infect? Where is it latent?

A

infects oral epithelial cells and B cells

latency in B cells

30
Q

How does EBV present in kids vs older teens?

A

kids - asymptomatic

teens - mono

31
Q

How many cases of EBV per year? How many hospitalized?

A

170,000 cases

15% hospitalized

32
Q

What malignancies do EBV recurrences cause? In what population does this usually occur?

A 
immunosupressed populaiton
hodgkin lymphoma
AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease 
Burkitt lymphoma 
Nasopharyngeal carninoma 
oral hairy leukoplakia
33
Q

How is infectious mono from EBV diagnosed?

A

clinical signs
serology for heterophile antibodies
blood smear for elevated WBCs and atypical lymphocytes

34
Q

How are malignancies from EBV treated?

A

treat symptoms
alleviate immunosuppression
oncotherapy

35
Q

What are antivirals and prevention of EBV recurrence?

A

none

36
Q

What are usual symptoms of cytomegalovirus?

A

asymptomatic

can have infection like mono

37
Q

What distinguishes symptomatic cytomegalovirus from mono?

A

no sore throat, have rash

38
Q

When is the risk for congenital cytomegalovirus highest?

A

When pregnant mother has primary infection

39
Q

what are transient outcomes of cytomegalovirus?

A

hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice, petechia and purpura, pneumonitis, fetal growth retardation, seizure

40
Q

What are permanent outcomes of cytomegalovirus?

A

microcephaly, vision loss, hearing loss, mental retardation, motor disabilities, seizures, death

41
Q

What groups of people are at highest risk of CMV?

A

immunosuppressed
AIDS patients prior to antiretroviral therapy
transplant recipients

42
Q

What herpes virus is a common cause of transplant failure and transplant patient mortality?

A

CMV

43
Q

How is CMV diagnosed?

A

serology, culture, PCR

some pregnant women are screened

44
Q

How is CMV treated?

A

antiviral drugs

ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofir

45
Q

what is the prevention of CMV?

A

none

vaccine is highest priority in Institute of Medicine

46
Q

What do HSV 6,7 cause?

A

Roseola infantum (exanthem subitum)

47
Q

What is the age of peak incidence for infection with HSV 6,7?

A

infant - 7-13 months

48
Q

What are symptoms of infection with HSV 6,7?

A

3 day fever, faint rash on trunk

49
Q

what cells does HSV 6,7 infect? Where is it latent?

A

CD4+ T cells (both)

50
Q

How is roseola diagnosed?

A

clinical manifestations

rule out drug allergy

51
Q

What is the treatment for roseola?

A

none

avoid giving antibiotics

52
Q

What is the prevention for roseola?

A

none
normal hygiene
child may attend day care

Microbiology Unit 2 (14 decks)

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