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Micro Exam II > Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of the common cold

A

rhinitis, pharyngitis, no high fever, LRT involvement or respiratory distress

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2
Q

Mode of transportation of the common cold

A

direct contact with nasal secretions, large droplets, contaminated fomites

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3
Q

What viruses most frequently cause the common cold

A
  • most common is rhinovirus

- coronavirus

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4
Q

Rhinovirus characteristcs

A

non-enveloped
+ss-RNA
picornavirus family member

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5
Q

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease symptoms

A

fever

vesicular lesions on palms of hand and soles of feet and oral areas

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6
Q

Croup symptoms

A

fever, distinct brassy cough - sounds like seal’s bark
inspiratory stridor
nasal discharge, mild cough, pharynigitis

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7
Q

Herpangina symptoms

A

abrupt onset of fevers

small vesicles on soft palate, form small white ulcers when ruptured

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8
Q

What is the agent of hand foot and mouth disease

A

coxsackievirus

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9
Q

What is the agent of herpangina

A

coxsackievirus

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10
Q

Coxsackievirus characteristics

A

enterovirus subfamily of picornaviruses
nonveneloped
+ssRNA

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11
Q

How are most coxackieviruses transmitted

A

fecal-oral

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12
Q

What are possible complications to herpangina

A

meningitis, encephalitis

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13
Q

What does a croup radiograph look like?

A

narrowing of air shadow of trachea in subglottic area

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14
Q

How do you tell if croup is severe or not

A

if they have stridor at rest

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15
Q

How do you treat non-severe croup

A

humidified air

hydration

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16
Q

How do you treat severe croup

A

oxygen
epinephrine
glucocorticoids

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17
Q

What is croup caused by?

A

parainfluenza virus

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18
Q

How are parainfluenza viruses spread?

A

droplets, direct contact

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19
Q

Uncomplicated influenza symptoms

A 
myalgia
headache
fever
shaking chills
cough, fatique, generalized weakness that may last 2-6 weeks
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20
Q

incidence of influenza

A

peak during the winter months in temperate climates

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21
Q

Major differences between influenza and cold

A

influenza lasts way longer, cough is more prominent

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22
Q

Hemagglutinin

A

viral attachment protein

agglutinates RBC

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23
Q

Neuramindase

A

Cleaves sialic acid

helps spread viruses through mucus found in the respiratory tract

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24
Q

Influenza Type A severity

A

Often severe

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25
Q

Influenza Type B severity

A

occasionally severe

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26
Q

Influenza Type C severtiy

A

usually mild

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27
Q

Host of influenza type A

A

humans, swine, avian, equines, marine mammals

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28
Q

Host of infleunza type B

A

humans

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29
Q

Host of influenza type C

A

humans, swine

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30
Q

Antigen change in influenza A

A

antigenic drift and shift

31
Q

antigen change in influenza B

A

antigenic drift

32
Q

antigen change in influenza C

A

antigenic drift

33
Q

Antigenic Drift in influenza

A

small changes in H and N

driven by point mutations

34
Q

Antigenic shift in influenza

A

increases risk for pandemics
large changes in H and N
driven by re-assortment of 2 viruses that happens when 2 viruses co-infect the same cell

35
Q

Agent of IIV

A

formaldehyde inactivated influenza viruses

36
Q

How is IIV administered

A

IM or ID

37
Q

Who is eligible for IM IIV

A

anyone over 6 mons.

38
Q

What is strain composition of IM IIV

A

trivalent or quadrivalent

39
Q

What is the straign composition of ID IIV

A

trivalent

40
Q

Who is eligible for ID IIV

A

18-64

41
Q

Agent of LAIV

A

attenuated influenza viruses

42
Q

How is LAIV administered?

A

intranasally

43
Q

Who is eligible for LAIV

A

healthy, nonpregnant people 2-49

44
Q

What is the strain composition of LAIV

A

quadrivalent

45
Q

What is the agent of RIV?

A

hemagglutinin protein

46
Q

How is RIV administered?

A

IM

47
Q

Who is eligible for RIV

A

18-49 yo

48
Q

What is the strain composition of RIV?

A

trivalent

49
Q

zanamirivir, peramivir, and oseltamivir

A

neuraminidase inhibitors
effective against influenza A and B
given within 48 h

50
Q

amantadine and rimantadine

A

ion channel blockers
effective against influenza A
Not really recommended for use

51
Q

How is zanamivir administered

A

oral inhalation

52
Q

How is oseltamivir administered

A

oral

53
Q

How is peramivir administered

A

intravenous

54
Q

RSV

A

most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in kids less than 1

55
Q

characteristics of RSV

A

paramyxovirus family
enveloped
-ssRNA

56
Q

How is RSV transmitted

A

inhalation of large droplets

direct contact with respiratory secretion

57
Q

How do you treat LRT RSV infection

A

aerosolized ribavirin treatment

only for special populations

58
Q

What is used for RSV passive immunoprophylaxis

A

palivizumav

RSIG

59
Q

Who gets RSV passive immunoprophylasix

A

premmies

those less than 2 yo, who have chronic lung problems

60
Q

Which common cold virus exaceraes asthma the most

A

rhinovirus C

61
Q

What is the incubbation period of rhinovirus

A

1 to 3 days

62
Q

Non-SARS coronavirus characteristics

A

enveloped

63
Q

When are the main outbreaks of coronaviruses

A

spring and winter months

64
Q

Who is most likely to get a non-SATS cornavirus infecetion

A

infants and kids

65
Q

Adenovirus characteritics

A

non-enveloped

66
Q

How are adenoviruses transmitted?

A

oral, droplet inhalation, conjunctiva

67
Q

Pneumonia

A

inflammation of lung parenchyma, resulting in abnormal gas exchange

68
Q

Primary influenza viruses cause

A

influenza A

69
Q

Primary influenza virus pneumonia onset

A

1-4 days after influenza symptoms

70
Q

Bacterial influenza associated pneumonia onset

A

usually 1 week after influenza symptoms

71
Q

What causes bacterial influenza associated pneumonia

A

s. pneumoniae

72
Q

Primary influenza virus pneumonia symptoms

A

increased cough, tachypnea, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress

73
Q

Bacterial influenza associated pneumonia symptoms

A

have flu symptoms that lessen, then get worse.

74
Q

Which is more dangerous Bacterial influenza associated pneumonia or primary influenza virus pneumonia

A

virus

Micro Exam II (8 decks)

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