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Micro Exam II > Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Viral Infections of the Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Symptoms of the common cold

A

rhinitis, pharyngitis, no high fever, LRT involvement or respiratory distress

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2
Q

Mode of transportation of the common cold

A

direct contact with nasal secretions, large droplets, contaminated fomites

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3
Q

What viruses most frequently cause the common cold

A
  • most common is rhinovirus

- coronavirus

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4
Q

Rhinovirus characteristcs

A

non-enveloped
+ss-RNA
picornavirus family member

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5
Q

Hand-foot-and-mouth disease symptoms

A

fever

vesicular lesions on palms of hand and soles of feet and oral areas

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6
Q

Croup symptoms

A

fever, distinct brassy cough - sounds like seal’s bark
inspiratory stridor
nasal discharge, mild cough, pharynigitis

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7
Q

Herpangina symptoms

A

abrupt onset of fevers

small vesicles on soft palate, form small white ulcers when ruptured

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8
Q

What is the agent of hand foot and mouth disease

A

coxsackievirus

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9
Q

What is the agent of herpangina

A

coxsackievirus

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10
Q

Coxsackievirus characteristics

A

enterovirus subfamily of picornaviruses
nonveneloped
+ssRNA

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11
Q

How are most coxackieviruses transmitted

A

fecal-oral

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12
Q

What are possible complications to herpangina

A

meningitis, encephalitis

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13
Q

What does a croup radiograph look like?

A

narrowing of air shadow of trachea in subglottic area

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14
Q

How do you tell if croup is severe or not

A

if they have stridor at rest

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15
Q

How do you treat non-severe croup

A

humidified air

hydration

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16
Q

How do you treat severe croup

A

oxygen
epinephrine
glucocorticoids

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17
Q

What is croup caused by?

A

parainfluenza virus

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18
Q

How are parainfluenza viruses spread?

A

droplets, direct contact

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19
Q

Uncomplicated influenza symptoms

A 
myalgia
headache
fever
shaking chills
cough, fatique, generalized weakness that may last 2-6 weeks
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20
Q

incidence of influenza

A

peak during the winter months in temperate climates

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21
Q

Major differences between influenza and cold

A

influenza lasts way longer, cough is more prominent

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22
Q

Hemagglutinin

A

viral attachment protein

agglutinates RBC

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23
Q

Neuramindase

A

Cleaves sialic acid

helps spread viruses through mucus found in the respiratory tract

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24
Q

Influenza Type A severity

A

Often severe

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25
Influenza Type B severity
occasionally severe
26
Influenza Type C severtiy
usually mild
27
Host of influenza type A
humans, swine, avian, equines, marine mammals
28
Host of infleunza type B
humans
29
Host of influenza type C
humans, swine
30
Antigen change in influenza A
antigenic drift and shift
31
antigen change in influenza B
antigenic drift
32
antigen change in influenza C
antigenic drift
33
Antigenic Drift in influenza
small changes in H and N | driven by point mutations
34
Antigenic shift in influenza
increases risk for pandemics large changes in H and N driven by re-assortment of 2 viruses that happens when 2 viruses co-infect the same cell
35
Agent of IIV
formaldehyde inactivated influenza viruses
36
How is IIV administered
IM or ID
37
Who is eligible for IM IIV
anyone over 6 mons.
38
What is strain composition of IM IIV
trivalent or quadrivalent
39
What is the straign composition of ID IIV
trivalent
40
Who is eligible for ID IIV
18-64
41
Agent of LAIV
attenuated influenza viruses
42
How is LAIV administered?
intranasally
43
Who is eligible for LAIV
healthy, nonpregnant people 2-49
44
What is the strain composition of LAIV
quadrivalent
45
What is the agent of RIV?
hemagglutinin protein
46
How is RIV administered?
IM
47
Who is eligible for RIV
18-49 yo
48
What is the strain composition of RIV?
trivalent
49
zanamirivir, peramivir, and oseltamivir
neuraminidase inhibitors effective against influenza A and B given within 48 h
50
amantadine and rimantadine
ion channel blockers effective against influenza A Not really recommended for use
51
How is zanamivir administered
oral inhalation
52
How is oseltamivir administered
oral
53
How is peramivir administered
intravenous
54
RSV
most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in kids less than 1
55
characteristics of RSV
paramyxovirus family enveloped -ssRNA
56
How is RSV transmitted
inhalation of large droplets | direct contact with respiratory secretion
57
How do you treat LRT RSV infection
aerosolized ribavirin treatment | only for special populations
58
What is used for RSV passive immunoprophylaxis
palivizumav | RSIG
59
Who gets RSV passive immunoprophylasix
premmies | those less than 2 yo, who have chronic lung problems
60
Which common cold virus exaceraes asthma the most
rhinovirus C
61
What is the incubbation period of rhinovirus
1 to 3 days
62
Non-SARS coronavirus characteristics
enveloped
63
When are the main outbreaks of coronaviruses
spring and winter months
64
Who is most likely to get a non-SATS cornavirus infecetion
infants and kids
65
Adenovirus characteritics
non-enveloped
66
How are adenoviruses transmitted?
oral, droplet inhalation, conjunctiva
67
Pneumonia
inflammation of lung parenchyma, resulting in abnormal gas exchange
68
Primary influenza viruses cause
influenza A
69
Primary influenza virus pneumonia onset
1-4 days after influenza symptoms
70
Bacterial influenza associated pneumonia onset
usually 1 week after influenza symptoms
71
What causes bacterial influenza associated pneumonia
s. pneumoniae
72
Primary influenza virus pneumonia symptoms
increased cough, tachypnea, dyspnea, acute respiratory distress
73
Bacterial influenza associated pneumonia symptoms
have flu symptoms that lessen, then get worse.
74
Which is more dangerous Bacterial influenza associated pneumonia or primary influenza virus pneumonia
virus

Micro Exam II (8 decks)

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