Upper Respiratory Pathogens II

Question 1

What are causative agents of conjunctivis

Answer 1

haemophilus influenzae
s. pneuomnia
moraxella lacunata, enterobacteria, and neisseria gonorrheea

Question 2

Features of haemophilus influenza

Answer 2

very small gram negative rod

Question 3

Features of streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 3

gram positive, encapsulated

Question 4

Pathogenesis of conjunctivis

Answer 4

mostly inflammatory response to the invading organisms

Question 5

What is the most common causative agents of conjunctivis

Answer 5

haemophilus influenzae

s. pneumoniae

Question 6

Prevention of conjunctivis

Answer 6

hand washing
don’t rub eyes
don’t use common towels

Question 7

How do you treat conjunctivis

Answer 7

gentamicin or ciprofloxacin eyedrops

Question 8

Symptoms of otitis media/sinusitis

Answer 8

throbbing ache of middle ear infection, decreased hearing

Question 9

Common agents of otitis media/sinusitis

Answer 9

haemophilus influenza

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 10

What age group is most likely to get otitis media/sinusitis

Answer 10

early childhood

Question 11

How to prevent otitis media/sinustis

Answer 11

don’t use pacifiers beyond age 2

Question 12

What are some things that could put you at greater risk of otisis media/sinusitis

Answer 12

viral infections

irriants like pollen, smoke, and pollution

Question 13

Treatment of otisis media

Answer 13

ampicillin therapy
surgically remove enlarged adenoids
eustachian tubes

Question 14

Major virulence factor in h. influenzae

Answer 14

antiphagocytic polysaccharid capsule

Question 15

How do you treat h. influenzae infection

Answer 15

broad spectrum cephalosporins

Question 16

How do you prevent h. influenzae infection

Answer 16

vax

Question 17

What type of vaccine does h. influenzae have

Answer 17

conjugated vaccine

Question 18

Can you treat h. influenza prophylaxtically?

Answer 18

yes

Question 19

What do you use to eliminate the carriage of h. influenzae type b in children at high risk

Answer 19

rifampin

Question 20

Features of chlamydia

Answer 20

possess inner and outer membranes
contain both DNA and RNA
posses prokaryotic ribosomes
synthesize their own proteins, nucleic acids and lipds

Question 21

How is chlamydia different from other bacteria

Answer 21

can form both metabolically inactive but infectious forms - elementary bodies
and metabolically active noninfectious forms - reticulate bodies

Question 22

What diseases is chlamydia trachomatis responsible for

Answer 22

trachoma, adult inclusion conjuctivis, neonatal conjunctivitis, infact pneuomina, urogenital infections

Question 23

What are the receptors for c. trachomatis EB’s

Answer 23

noncilitated columnar, cuboidal, and transitional epithelial cells

Question 24

Clinical manifestations of c. trachomatis infections are caused by what

Answer 24

direct destruction of cells during replication

host inflammatory response

Question 25

Trachoma

Answer 25

chronic start as follicular conjuctivis conjunctiva becomes scarred, eyelids turn inward eventually blidness

Question 26

adult inclusion conjuctivis symptoms

Answer 26

mucopurulent discharge, keratitis, corneal infiltrates, some vascularization

Question 27

neonatal conjuctivis

Answer 27

happens at birth | get swollen eyelids, hyperemia, copious purulent discharged.

Question 28

infant pneumonia

Answer 28

2-3 weeks after birth | rhinitis, then staccato cough, infants have bronchitis, afebrile throughout clinical illness

Question 29

How can you diagnosis c. trachomatis

Answer 29

cytologic, serologic, or culture findings antigen molecular probes

Question 30

What are the BEST ways to diagnosis c. trachamoatis

Answer 30

PCR or antigen detection

Question 31

How do you treat ocular and genital chlamydia infections in adults

Answer 31

azithromycin or doxycycline for 7 days

Question 32

How do you treat newborn conjuctivis and pneumonia

Answer 32

erythromycin for 10-14 days

Question 33

What diseases does c. pneumoniae cause

Answer 33

pneumonia, bronchitis, sinusitis

Question 34

How do you diagnosis c. pneumoniae

Answer 34

nucleic acid amplication, PCR

Question 35

How do you treat c. pneumoniae

Answer 35

macrolides, tetracyclines, or levofloxacin for 10-14 days

Question 36

What happens to pts with c. psittaci

Answer 36

edema, thickening of alveolar wall, inflitration of macrophages, necrosis, possible hemophages

Question 37

What are some symptoms of people with c. psittaci

Answer 37

cyanosis and anoxia

Question 38

What's the give away that someone has c. psittaci

Answer 38

they handle birds

Question 39

How can you differentiate between bacterial and viral conjunctivis

Answer 39

bacteria usually have more pus and inflammation