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Micro Exam II > Upper Respiratory Pathogens I > Flashcards

Upper Respiratory Pathogens I Flashcards

1
Q

Where does bacteria end up in the URT

A

trachea or terminal airway

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2
Q

Where do viruses end up in the URT

A

terminal airway and alveoli

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3
Q

Sterile URT tissues

A

Mastoid air cells

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4
Q

Describe the sterility of the conjuctiva

A

It’s supposed to be sterile but because of its location it’s exposed to many organisms

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5
Q

Normal flora of the nose

A

staphylococcus epidermis

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6
Q

Clinical relevance of staph aureus

A

about 20% of people have this in normal population

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7
Q

staph. epidermis features

A

gram positive cocci clusters

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8
Q

staph aureus features

A

grame positive cocci clusters

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9
Q

corynebacterium spp. features

A

gram positive rod

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10
Q

nasopharynx normal flora

A

streptococcus

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11
Q

bacteria in strep viridans group

A

s. mutans, s. mitis, s/milleri, s/ salivarius

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12
Q

What bacteria are more common in the cooler months of the year

A

s. pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae
neisseria menigitis

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13
Q

Group A streptococcus

A

s. pyogenes

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14
Q

Group B streptococcus

A

s. agalactiae

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15
Q

Group D streptococcus

A

s. bovis

enteroccocus faecalis

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16
Q

What streptococcus are alpha hemolytic

A

s. pneumoniae

viridans streptococci

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17
Q

What streptococcus are beta hemolytic

A

s. pyogenes

s. agactiae

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18
Q

What streptococcus are gamma hemolytic

A

s. bovis

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19
Q

What does alpha hemolysis mean

A

partial hemolysis of blood

gives green coloration

20
Q

What does beta hemolysis mean

A

complete hemolysis around colonies

clear zone around colonies

21
Q

What does gamma hemolysis mean

A

no hemolysis takes place

22
Q

features of strep. viridans

A

grame positive cocci chains

23
Q

moraxella catarrhalis features

A

gram negative diploid-coccobacillus

24
Q

Bacteroides features

A

strict anaerobe

25
Q

What differentates staph and strep

A

staph is catalase positive

26
Q

What causes streptococcal pharyngitis

A

s. pyogenes

27
Q

What are some virulence factors in s. pyogenes

A

M protein

SPEs

28
Q

What does the M protein cause

A

rheumatic fever

29
Q

Is s. pyogenes incapsulated?

A

yes. has a capsule, helps prevent against phagocytosis

30
Q

What diseases do SPEs from s. pyrogenes cause

A

toxic shock like syndrome
scarlet fever
necrotizing fasciitis

31
Q

What can strep throat sometimes turn into

A

Scarlet fever

32
Q

What kidney disease can s. pyogenes cause

A

acute glomerulonephritis

33
Q

What are the symptoms of Scarlet fever

A

redness of skin

white coating on tongue

34
Q

How is streptococcal pharyngitis spread?

A

respiratory droplets

contaminated food

35
Q

How do you diagnose streptococcal pharyngitis

A

lancefield grouping

antistreptolysin-O

36
Q

How do you prevent streptococcal pharyngitis

A

avoid large crowds
adequate ventilation
no vax

37
Q

How do you treat streptococcal pharyngitis

A

10 days of penicillin or erythromycin

38
Q

How do you treat streptococcal pharyngitis if the pt has had rheumatic fever

A

penicillin daily for years

39
Q

Symptoms of Diptheria

A

begins with mild sore throat, then flu-like symptoms, neck swelling, whitish gray membrane forms on tonsils and throat

40
Q

Advantaged symptoms of Diptheria

A

heart failure
kidney failure
paralysis

41
Q

What causes diptheria

A

corynebacterium diptheriae

42
Q

Characteristics of cornebacterium diptheriae

A

gram positive rod

looks like chinese letters

43
Q

What is the virulence factor of cornebacterium diptheriae

A

exotoxin

44
Q

How does diptheria spread

A

air

45
Q

How do you prevent diptheria

A

vax

46
Q

Diphtheria subunits

A

A inactivates B subunit EF-2 to stop protein synthesis

47
Q

Treatment for diptheria

A

you need to give them the antiserum against the toxin ASAP - WHICH IS WHY WE NEED YOU BALTO

Micro Exam II (8 decks)

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