Viral Infections Flashcards
HEV is associated with what type of food?
Uncooked pork (sausages)
HEV has a higher mortality in which group of individuals?
Pregnant women
How is HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV and HEV spread respectively?
HAV and HEV: Enteral spread
HBV: Blood products, sexual activity and vertical transmission
HCV: Blood products and IV drug abuse
HDV: unsure, may be same as HBV
Which 2 viruses are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis?
Rotavirus and Norovirus
What are the 3 common symptoms of viral gastroenteritis?
Diarrhoea, Vomiting and Abdominal cramps
Which virus is similar to Norovirus? How are they different?
Sappovirus.
Sappovirus results in more diarrhoea than vomiting, but Norovirus causes more vomiting than diarrhoea.
Incubation period of Rotavirus
48 hours
Symptoms of Rotavirus
Watery diarrhoea and vomiting, fever and abdominal pain
How long do the symptoms of Rotavirus last?
4 - 8 hours
Name the 2 licensed vaccines that are against Rotavirus. Which is more common? Describe the more common vaccine, including its route of administration and the dosage.
Rotarix and Rotateq
Rotarix is more common. Live attenuated vaccine. Given orally as 2 doses, 8 weeks and 12 weeks old. Minimum of 4 weeks between doses.
Which virus causes “winter vomiting disease”?
Norovirus
What is the incubation period of Norovirus?
1 - 2 days
What are the symptoms of Norovirus and how long do the symptoms last?
Sudden onset of severe vomiting and diarrhoea.
Last for 1 - 2 days.
What is the classical sign of Molluscum Contagiosum?
Raised, firm papules on the skin, with a characteristic small dimple in the middle. Spots aren’t painful but are itchy.
What is the cause of malar rash? What is the disease caused by this virus?
Parvovirus B19.
Causes Erythema Infectiosum, a.k.a. the Fifth Disease
What is the cause of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease?
An enterovirus - Coxsackie virus
What is the genetics of Parvovirus B19?
ssDNA non-enveloped
What does parvovirus B19 infects?
Which 2 groups of patients are of increased concern if infected with Parvovirus B19?
RBC progenitor cells
- People with RBC disease
- Pregnant women or the immunocompromised
What causes genital warts? Give the serotypes
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Serotypes 6,11,16 and 18
What is the clinical name for genital warts
Condylomata Acuminata
Which virus is the main cause of bronchiolitis?
Respiratory Syncytial virus
Which virus is the common cause of viral encephalitis?
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
What is the genetic material of HSV?
Positive strand RNA virus
A 22 year old presents with a 5 day history of fever. On examination, discrete cervical lymph nodes are palpable bilaterally. What is the likely virus that causes this?
Mumps
What is a clinical feature of symptomatic congenital CMV infection?
Hepatosplenomegaly
Kaposi’s Sarcoma is associated with which virus?
HHV8
Which virus causes cold sores upon reactivation?
HSV
Which viruses are associated with congenital cataracts?
Rubella and HSV1
What serotypes of a virus causes cervical cancer?
HPV 16 and 18
Aciclovir is commonly used to treat which two viral infections?
VZV (shingles) and Herpes Simplex
What are the two conditions that can be caused by HSV?
Genital herpes and cold sores.
Which virus is the most common cause of congenital infection is in the UK?
CMV - Cytomegalovirus
Which of the following virus is not a recognised cause of hepatitis?
a) HepA
b) HepB
c) HepD
d) HepF
Hep F
Which virus can cause post transplant lymphoproliferative disease?
EBV
EBV is latent in which cells?
B lymphocytes and epithelial cells
What is the other name for EBV? What is the genetic structure of EBV?
EBV is otherwise known as HHV4.
Has a dsDNA.
