Malaria and Typhoid Fever and Travel Flashcards
What are the 2 parasites that poses the greatest threat in Malaria?
Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium Vivax
What is the cause of typhoid fever?
Salmonella enterica serotype typhi
What are the signs and symptoms of typhoid fever?
- Gradual onset of very high fever (up to 39-40 degree Celsius)
- Constipation
May have diarrhoea but is uncommon. Vomiting is usually not severe. - Abdominal pain
- Weakness
- Headache
- Rash: rose-coloured spots
- Delirium (hence typhoid fever is a.k.a. nervous fever)
How is Typhoid fever transmitted?
Via food and water contaminated with infected faeces
What antibiotics are used in the treatment of Typhoid fever?
Azithromycin
Fluoroquinolones such as Ciprofloxacin is more effective
What is suspected if patient presents with intermittent fevers?
Malaria
Other causes include amoebiasis and Kawasaki’s disease
Why is there fever paroxysms in Malaria?
Fever paroxysms refflect synchronous release of flocks merozoites from mature schizonts.
What is the cause of Lyme disease? How is it transmitted?
Borrelia burgdorferi
Transmitted via tick bites, commonly found on deers
What is the first sign of Lyme disease?
Erythema migrans: a circular rash occurring at site of tick bite, which enlarges and forms a target lesion.
What is the treatment for the rash in Lyme disease?
Doxycycline 100MG BD PO for 14-21 days
What is the cause of Weils’ disease?
Leptospira Interrogans
How is Weil’s disease transmitted?
Via contact with infected rat urine, such as in slums, or while swimming, canoeing or cycling through puddles
What is the treatment for Weil’s disease?
Doxycycline, Amoxicillin or Ampicillin
What is the name of the condition for severe dengue? What are its symptoms?
Dengue haemorrhagic fever.
There will be signs of haemorrhage, such as bleeding gums and bleeding under the skin, haemoptysis or persistent vomiting, severe abdominal pain and distension of abdomen.
What is the causative organism of dengue
Virus from the Flaviviridae family