Vaccines Flashcards
What are the vaccines available against Rotavirus?
Describe the more commonly used vaccine and the number of dosage given.
Rotarix and Rotateq
Rotarix is more common: Live attenuated vaccine. Given orally as 2 doses: (minimum 4 weeks apart) 8 weeks and 12 weeks old
How many doses of HepB vaccine are given?
How is this vaccine given?
Name the vaccine.
Engerix B, not live vaccine.
IM injection
3 doses: 0, 1, 6 months + follow up test and booster dose
OR for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis in high risk groups: Accelerated course: 0, 1, 2 months + booster at 12 months if continued risk
OR Rapid course: 0, 7, 21 days + 12 months booster for those >18yo and are in need of rapid protection
Name the vaccines for Varicella Zoster Virus and give their dosages.
Varilrix (or the alt. Varivax): Live attenuated vaccine. Given to those more than or equal to 1 year of age. 0.5ml injected SC, must not be given as IV or IM. Given 2 doses at least 4 weeks apart. (4-8 weeks)
Why are live vaccines such as MMR not given to children below 12 months of age?
The maternal antibodies may still be circulating in the baby’s system and this could interfere with the individual’s response to the vaccine, causing vaccine failure.
Name the yellow fever vaccine. Dosage and administration?
17D vaccine: Live attenuated vaccine
Given as a single dose IM/SC injection
For which illness are vaccinations not available?
Chikungunya virus, Parvovirus B19
When children are immunized, they contribute to the protection of others. This is referred to as:
Herd Immunity
If only HBsAb is detected, no detection of HBcAb or HBsAg, is the individual infected, has a past infection of Hepatitis B, or is vaccinated against HepB?
Vaccinated against HepB.
If have both HBsAb and HBcAb, the patient was previously infected with HepB.
If infected, the patient would have a positive HBsAg.
Which of the following vaccines was included in the routine childhood vaccination schedule from Autumn 2013 for children over 2 years old?
a) HepB vaccine
b) Influenza vaccine
c) Rotavirus vaccine
d) Varicella vaccine
B. Influenza vaccine
What are toxoid vaccines?
They are inactivated vaccines made of inactivated toxins.
What type of vaccines are MMR?
Live vaccine
What type of vaccine is HepA vaccine?
Whole cell inactivated vaccine
What type of vaccine is HiB vaccine?
Whole cell inactivated vaccine
“Subunit” refers to protein-based or polysaccharide-based fragmented vaccine?
Protein-based fragmented vaccine
“Conjugated” refers to protein-based or polysaccharide-based fragmented vaccine?
Polysaccharide-based fragmented vaccine
Before 1 year of age, babies are not given live vaccine, except for which vaccine? When is this vaccine given?
Except for Rotavirus. A live vaccine is given at 2 - 3 months of age.
What are the effects of adjuvant given together with the vaccine?
Adjuvant helps to enhance the immune response to the vaccine’s antigen, by carrying the vaccine antigen and slow its release or provoke a local inflammatory response.
What are the general rules to follow when giving vaccine?
Consent, Expiry date, Record batch number, correct route of administration, resuscitation facilities
What is BCG vaccine for? What type of vaccine is it: Protein-based vaccine, Polysaccharide-based vaccine or live attenuated vaccine?
BCG vaccine is Bacterial Calmette-Guerin vaccine which is a Tuberculosis vaccine.
It is a live attenuated vaccine.
What is the vaccine for Dengue? How are the doses given?
Dengvaxia.
3 doses given at 0/6/12 month schedule
Which vaccines for travellers are provided free of charge by the NHS?
DTaP
Cholera
Hepatitis A
Typhoid
Name the diseases with vaccinations that are live vaccines.
MMR, Rotavirus - Rotarix Smallpox Chickenpox/VZV - Varilrix, Varivax Yellow Fever Shingles
