HIV Flashcards
What is the term used to describe the condition/illness experienced in the first few weeks of HIV infection?
HIV seroconversion illness
In which scenario is HIV viral load testing preferred over HIV antibody testing?
In neonates, as they may contain maternal HIV antibodies.
In the HIV seroconversion period.
What is a cause of pneumonia that must be ruled out in those with low CD4 count?
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Which medication is the first line treatment of Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia?
Co-trimoxazole
What are the 2 common AIDs-defining conditions?
Pneumocystis jiroveci and Kaposi Sarcoma
PCP may not always show on a CXR. What other tests can be done to increase suspicion of PCP?
Testing for a decrease in Oxygen saturations when exercising.
In PCP, there will be a decrease in O2 sats/ exertional hypoxia.
What are the classes of Anti-retroviral medications?
- Fusion inhibitors: Maraviroc and Enfuvirtide
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors: Zidovudine (AZT)
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
Which antimotility drug is the drug of choice for anti-diarrhoeal medication?
Loperamide
Which anti-emetic medication is the drug of choice for adults who have severe vomiting?
Metoclopramide 10MG IM
What is dysentry?
Dysentry is a type of gastroenteritis that results in diarrhoea with blood
What is amoebic dysentry treated with?
Metronidazole and Paromomycin or Iodoquinol
What medication is given for those with infected with Salmonella, Shigella or Campylobacter?
Ciprofloxacin
What is AZT? Describe its mechanism of action.
Zidovudine.
Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
What are the contraindications of AZT?
Anaemia, Neutropenia and breastfeeding
What is HAART? Give an example.
Highly Active Anti-retroviral therapy.
Efavirenz (a NNRTI) and 2 NRTI (Lamivudine + Tenofovir)
What is the recommended HIV testing?
simultaneous HIV antibodies and p24 antigen test
What is the advantage of Point Of Care Testing?
Either a fingerprick or mouth swab sample can give a result within minutes.
Give examples of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors
- Zidovudine (AZT)
- Didanosine (ddl)
- Lamivudine (3TC)
- Tenofovir
- Abacavir
Give examples of Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
- Efavirenz
2. Nevirapine
Give examples of Protease Inhibitors
- Atazanavir
2. Darunavir
Give an example of a fusion inhibitor and another example of CCR5 inhibitor
Fusion inhibitor: Enfuvirtide
CCR5 inhibitor: Maraviroc
What is Cobicistat?
Cobicistat is a drug that helps Atazanavir and Darunavir (both Protease inhibitors) to work better.
What is the most common cause of cerebral abscess in patients with HIV? (Think of an opportunistic infection)
What are 2 other common causes of brain abscess formation in HIV patients?
Neurotoxoplasmosis also known as Cerebral Toxoplasmosis
Others include Aspergillosis and Cryptococcus Neoformans
What is the cause of Neurotoxoplasmosis?
Parasite Toxoplasma gondii infection/invasion into the brain.
