Bacterial Infections Flashcards
Main cause of Pneumonia?
Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Gram +)
What is another name for Group A Streptococcus?
Strep Pyogenes (Gram +)
What is a sign of Klebsiella Pneumonia?
Red currant jelly Sputum
Main cause of UTI
Escherichia Coli (Gram -)
Main cause of epiglottitis
Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Gram -)
What is the first and second most common cause of Erythema Multiforme?
Firstly, HSV infection (HSV1>HSV2)
Secondly, by Mycoplasma Pneumoniae
Which is a more common cause of skin and soft tissue infections? Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria?
Gram positive bacteria: Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes
What type of bacteria is Enterococci?
Gram + cocci that grows in chains.
After infection of which bacteria will Rheumatic Fever result? How many weeks after the infection?
After Group A Streptococcal sore throat. 2 weeks later, Rheumatic Fever may result.
How long is the incubation period for Shigella?
2 - 3 days
What type of toxins are produced by Shigella and Clostridium Perfringes A?
What are the actions of these types of toxins?
Shigella produces cytotoxins, Clostridium Perfringes A produces enterotoxin.
Cytotoxins cause mucosal damage, leading to bloody diarrhoea.
Enterotoxins cause fluid secretion in the intestines without mucosal damage: Profuse watery diarrhoea
Describe how widespread the infection of Shigella can be in the body.
Infection is localised in the gut. There is no bacteraemia or septicaemia or organ spread.
What is the incubation period of Salmonella?
10 - 14 days
Describe how widespread the infection of Salmonella is in the body.
Salmonella can cause bacteraemia and organ spread 4 - 6 weeks later if not treated
Which bacteria causes Cholera?
What are the symptoms of Cholera?
Vibrio Cholerae.
Cholera: Rice water stools, Vomiting, Rapid dehydration, hypovolemic shock, muscle cramps
What are the treatments for Cholera?
Fast rehydration therapy to replace fluid and electrolytes. Oral rehydration therapy or IV in severe cases for dehydration.
Antibiotics: Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Co-trimoxazole
What is caused by Campylobacter Jejuni?
Acute infective diarrhoea
Name the 3 Gram +, spore bearing bacteria. What is the shape of the bacteria?
Bacillus Anthrax, Clostridium Tetani and Clostridium Difficile
Gram + rods, spore-bearing
Describe Campylobacter Jejuni: Shape and gram stains
Gram(-), spiral
What are the 2 toxins produced by Clostridium?
Enterotoxin A and Cytotoxin B
Which gastroenteritis-causing bacteria forms preformed bacteria?
Bacillus Cereus
What can infection by Clostridium cause?
From diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis
What are the symptoms of Bacillus Cereus? How long do the symptoms last?
Vomiting and Diarrhoea.
Lasts for 1 - 6 hours
What is the toxin produced by S. Aureus?
Enterotoxin B
What are the 4 substances in oral rehydration therapy?
Made of NaCl, Na citrate, KCl and glucose
