Bacterial Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Main cause of Pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Gram +)

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2
Q

What is another name for Group A Streptococcus?

A

Strep Pyogenes (Gram +)

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3
Q

What is a sign of Klebsiella Pneumonia?

A

Red currant jelly Sputum

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4
Q

Main cause of UTI

A

Escherichia Coli (Gram -)

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5
Q

Main cause of epiglottitis

A

Haemophilus Influenza Type B (Gram -)

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6
Q

What is the first and second most common cause of Erythema Multiforme?

A

Firstly, HSV infection (HSV1>HSV2)

Secondly, by Mycoplasma Pneumoniae

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7
Q

Which is a more common cause of skin and soft tissue infections? Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria?

A

Gram positive bacteria: Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes

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8
Q

What type of bacteria is Enterococci?

A

Gram + cocci that grows in chains.

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9
Q

After infection of which bacteria will Rheumatic Fever result? How many weeks after the infection?

A

After Group A Streptococcal sore throat. 2 weeks later, Rheumatic Fever may result.

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10
Q

How long is the incubation period for Shigella?

A

2 - 3 days

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11
Q

What type of toxins are produced by Shigella and Clostridium Perfringes A?
What are the actions of these types of toxins?

A

Shigella produces cytotoxins, Clostridium Perfringes A produces enterotoxin.

Cytotoxins cause mucosal damage, leading to bloody diarrhoea.
Enterotoxins cause fluid secretion in the intestines without mucosal damage: Profuse watery diarrhoea

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12
Q

Describe how widespread the infection of Shigella can be in the body.

A

Infection is localised in the gut. There is no bacteraemia or septicaemia or organ spread.

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13
Q

What is the incubation period of Salmonella?

A

10 - 14 days

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14
Q

Describe how widespread the infection of Salmonella is in the body.

A

Salmonella can cause bacteraemia and organ spread 4 - 6 weeks later if not treated

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15
Q

Which bacteria causes Cholera?

What are the symptoms of Cholera?

A

Vibrio Cholerae.

Cholera: Rice water stools, Vomiting, Rapid dehydration, hypovolemic shock, muscle cramps

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16
Q

What are the treatments for Cholera?

A

Fast rehydration therapy to replace fluid and electrolytes. Oral rehydration therapy or IV in severe cases for dehydration.
Antibiotics: Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol and Co-trimoxazole

17
Q

What is caused by Campylobacter Jejuni?

A

Acute infective diarrhoea

18
Q

Name the 3 Gram +, spore bearing bacteria. What is the shape of the bacteria?

A

Bacillus Anthrax, Clostridium Tetani and Clostridium Difficile
Gram + rods, spore-bearing

19
Q

Describe Campylobacter Jejuni: Shape and gram stains

A

Gram(-), spiral

20
Q

What are the 2 toxins produced by Clostridium?

A

Enterotoxin A and Cytotoxin B

21
Q

Which gastroenteritis-causing bacteria forms preformed bacteria?

A

Bacillus Cereus

22
Q

What can infection by Clostridium cause?

A

From diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis

23
Q

What are the symptoms of Bacillus Cereus? How long do the symptoms last?

A

Vomiting and Diarrhoea.

Lasts for 1 - 6 hours

24
Q

What is the toxin produced by S. Aureus?

A

Enterotoxin B

25
Q

What are the 4 substances in oral rehydration therapy?

A

Made of NaCl, Na citrate, KCl and glucose