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FINALS - DERM > viral infections > Flashcards

viral infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

what virus causes chicken pox

A

varcilla zoster (type of herpes)

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2
Q

what is shingles

A

reactivated dormant virus in dorsal root ganglion

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3
Q

how is chickenpox spread + incubation

A

resp route // chicken pox or singles // infective 4 days before rash and until 5 days after // 10-21 day incubation

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4
Q

symptoms chicken pox

A

dever // itchy rash on head or trunk –> spread // macular –> vesicular

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5
Q

supportive mx and isolation advice chicken pox

A

trim nales // calamine lotion // infectious until all rashes crusted (5days)

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6
Q

what analgesia can increase risk of secondary bacterial infection shingles

A

NSAIDs

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7
Q

what organism can cause nec fasc in chicken pox

A

GAS

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8
Q

rare complications chicken pox

A

pneumonia, encephalitis, DIC // arhtitis, nephrititis, pancreatitis

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9
Q

post exposure mx chicken pox pregnancy

A

check varicella antibodies // if <20 weeks VZIG up to 10 days post exposure // if >20 weeks then VZIG or oral antivirals 7-14 days after

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10
Q

mx chicken pox in pregnancy

A

oral aciclovir if >20 weeks and within 24 hours of rash

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11
Q

symptoms shingles

A

prodromal burn over dermatome + headache, fever, tired // red rash on dermatome, does not cross midline // vesicular

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12
Q

RF shingles

A

age // HIV // immunosuppredsed

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13
Q

isolation mx shingles

A

avoid pregnant women // infectious until vesicle crusted (5-7 days)

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14
Q

analgesia mx shingles

A

1 = paracetamol + NSAID // 2 = TCA // 3 = steroid if not responding

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15
Q

antiviral mx shingles

A

antiviral within 72 hours (unless <50 with mild trunk rash)

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16
Q

benifit antivirals in shingles

A

reduced post-herpetic neurlgia in older people

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17
Q

most common shingles complication

A

post-herpetic neuralgia

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18
Q

worrying nerves affected in shingles

A

occular trigeminal // ramsay hunt (CNVII)

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19
Q

who should be offered PEP in chicken pox

A

significant exposure // increased risk eg immunocompromised (Steroids) pregnant // no antibodies

20
Q

what are the 2 VZV vaccinations

A

1 for chicken pox, one for shingles

21
Q

what type of vaccine is VZV

A

live attenuated

22
Q

who gets VZV chicken pox vaccine

A

health care workers who are not immune // contacts of immunosuppresed patients

23
Q

who gets shingles VZV vaccine

A

elderly

24
Q

what virus causes molluscum contagiosum

A

pox

25
Q

spread of molluscum contagiosum

A

close contacts eg sharing towels, or surfaces // rarely sexual spread

26
Q

who gets molluscum contagiosum

A

kids 1-4 (with eczema)

27
Q

symptoms molluscum contagiosum

A

pink or pearly papule // clusters on trunk or flexures // if genital then sexual spread

28
Q

how long for molluscum contagiosum to resolve

A

18 months

29
Q

mx molluscum contagiosum

A

not usually needed // maybe cryothrapy // if eczema topical steroids // if infected abx eg fusidic acid

30
Q

when to refer molluscum contagiosum

A

HIV, eyelid or occular, anogenital

31
Q

what virus causes slapped check syndrome

A

parvovirus B19

32
Q

symptoms slapped check syndrome

A

fever, red rash on cheek

33
Q

what tests for exposure to parvovirus in pregnancy

A

<20 weeks –> IgM and IgG

34
Q

serious presentation parvovirus

A

panyctopenia // aplastic crisis in sickle cell // hyrops fetalis –> miscarriage

35
Q

mx hydrops fetalis

A

intrauterine blood transfusion

36
Q

what causes warts

A

HPV

37
Q

mx warts

A

topical salyic acid or imiquoid

38
Q

what diseases can enterviruses cause

A

eg coksaxki –> herpangina (mouth blisters) // hand foot and mouth // pericarditis

39
Q

what causes hand, foot, and mouth

A

coxsackie A and enterovirus

40
Q

symptoms hand, foot, mouth

A

mild sore throat and fever // oral ulcer // vesicles on hands and feet // family outbreak

41
Q

mx and isolation hand, foot mouth

A

no isolation, symptomatic treatment

42
Q

invx enterovirus

A

PCR

43
Q

what causes orf + symptoms

A

sheep parapoxvirus virus // single nodule usually on farmer hand

44
Q

how is zika spread

A

mosquito

45
Q

symptoms zika

A

fever, rash, headache, joint pain // microcephaly in neonates

46
Q

cause of pityriasis rosea

A

herpes virus 7 - HHV 7

47
Q

symptoms pityriasis rosea

A

recent viral illness // herald patch on trunk –> red, oval, scaly patch ‘fir tree’

FINALS - DERM (11 decks)

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