Acne Flashcards
what causes comedomes in acne
mild acne = dilated sebaceous follicles get plugged with keratin
what can inflammation in acne cause
moderate acne = papules (solid and inflamed) + pustules ==> nodules + cysts
what type of scarring can occur in acne
severe acne = ice-pick and hypertrophic
what drug can cause acne and what is usually seen
steroids ==> monomorphic acne
what is acne fulimans
severe + systemic upset –> hospital
acne fulminans mx
oral steroids
what control activity of sebacous gland
androgens
what bacteria colonates hair follicles in acne
propionibacterium acnes (gram +ive)
what % of teenagers get acne
80-90%
1st line mx acne
topical retinoids or benzyl peroxide
2nd line acne mx
COMBINED: topical retinoids or benzyl peroxide or topical antibiotic
what oral antibiotics can be prescirbed for acne
tetracyclines eg lymecycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline
who should not be prescibed abx for acne
tetracuclines avoided in pregnancy and kids <12
acne abx in pregnancy
erythromycin
how long should an oral abx for acne be prescribed
3 months
what should always be co-prescribed with oral abx for acne and why
topical retinoid or benzyl peroxide to stop abx resistance
what is a common complication of long term antibiotic use for acne + what mx should be given
gram -ive folliculitis –> oral trimethroprim
what is an alternative oral mx to abx for acne in women + how long is it prescribed
COCP (+ topical agents) // use for 3 months // dianette
last line mx acne
oral isotretinoin - after specialist review
when are retinoids contraindicated
pregnancy
what are retinoids
vit A
SE retinoids
tetragenic // dry lips, mouth, skin // low mood // raised trigylcerides // hair thinning // intracranial hypertension // photosensitivity
most common SE retinoids
dry lips/ mouth (eyes and skin)
