Viral Infections Flashcards
How do you distinguish adenovirus infection?
accompanied by viral conjunctivitis + common cold symptoms
(both eyes)
Human metapneumovirus is similar to which disease?
RSV
Transmission of Hanta Virus
vertebrates (no arthropods)
Hanta (Sin Nombre) particles are ______ (enveloped/Non), and contain ______ (enzyme)
enveloped
polymerase
Genome of Hanta virus
negative sense
ss-RNA
trisegmented
Structural proteins on Hanta (sin nombre) virus
glycoproteins (G1, G2 nucleoprotein): N (helical capsid)
How does hanta virus kill?
fills lungs with fluid
(immune over reaction to G2 proteins)
How do you detect hantavirus?
IgM or IgG
positive reverse transcription PCR
immunohistochemistry
Symptoms of hanta virus
fever
thrombocytopenia
interstitial edema
why does influenza replication include the nucleus
it needs protein splicing (located in nucleus)
How does influenza kill?
(35K people/year)
secondary bacterial infection
dehydration
worsening of comorbid conditions (DM, CHF, asthma)
Why does influenza spread rapidly?
During 18-72 hour incubation, sheds
fomites (short-lived)
How do patients acquire bacterial infection secondary to the flu?
mucociliary escalator impairment (virus or CTLs)
damage to epithelium allows bacterial pathogen entry
Roles of antibodies in influenza infection?
anti-HA response to neutralize
Response to M2
(protection against mortality, but once it gets into one cell though, it’s up to the CTLs to clear)
Key clue that an influenza pandemic is emerging (vs. seasonal)
disease seen outside of winter months (“normal flu season”)
Is haemophilus influenza flu?
no, it a secondary bacterial infection to flu
Why did SARS - CoV 1 NOT cause a pandemic (like SARS CoV-2)?
transmission only happened in symptomatic people
SARS-CoV-1 vector
horseshoe bat
MERS vector
egyptian tomb bats –> camels
Why are COVID vaccines providing lasting immunity (against severe disease & death)?
SARS-CoV-2 does not change its T cell epitopes as much as the B cells epitopes. We still have T cell memory!
(we still get infected, but it is MILD)
Why are DNA vaccines being made for COVID?
RNA are heat label (must be frozen w/nitrogen and CO2; DNA needs basic solution only)
How does the live vector-subunit COVID vaccine work?
gene coding for spike protein inserted into modified chimpanzee adenovirus
(the plot to I Am Legend!!)
How do vaccine-induced antibody response vaccines work?
neutralize virus + increase phagocytosis
How does the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine work (mRNA)?
RNA w/code for spike protein fuses w/cells –> spike protein made by cells and presented to immune cells –>cross presentation = T cell & B cell response!!
