Pulmonary Pharmacology Flashcards
Pathogenesis of asthma vs. COPD
Asthma : eosinophils
COPD: neutrophils
(corticosteroids to tx asthma)
asthma = reversible
SABA are used to treat _______ (asthma/COPD); LAMA are used to treat __________ (asthma/COPD).
- asthma
- COPD
List 3 general categories of brochodilators
(tx asthma & COPD)
- Beta agonists
- Muscarinic antagonists
- Theophylline
beta agonists & muscarinic antagonists have long and short - acting
Methylxanthines block ______; whereas iberiotoxins block ______.
both are beta 2 agonists
- PDE
- K+ channels
Chemically, albuterol is a racemic mixture of
active R- and inactive S- isomers
What is the chemical difference of levalbuterol?
it is R-albuterol
List the 2 short-acting B-2 agonists
levalbuterol
albuterol
Which bronchodilator reduces sympathetic neurotransmission, decreases vascular leakage, increases mucous secretion and increases cAMP?
albuterol
Restlessness, tachycardia, hypotension, chest pain and tremors are adverse effects of which bronchodilator?
albuterol
(B receptor agonists block K+ efflux?)
Which 2 B2 agonists can not be used with MOA-I or TCAs?
- fomoterol
- albuterol
Tachycardia (200 bpm), tremor, seizure, and hypokalemia are signs of ____________ (overdose).
albuterol
LABAs MUST be used with _____________(medication)
ICS
Which Rx is used as maintenance treatment of bronchoconstriction in COPD?
Fomoterol
LABA
Which respiratory medications prevent the release of granules from mast cells (3)?
- fomoterol
- omalizumab
- cromolyn
Which respiratory Rx prevents mast cell degranulation by indirectly blocking Ca2+ channels on the mast cell?
cromolyn
(ipratropium prevents Ca2+ increase in bronchial smooth muscle cells
Which 2 respiratory Rx increase the risk of asthma-related death if used without long-term asthma control Rx?
- fomoterol
- salmeterol